parfaire — French conjugation

to perfect

Frequency#1756Irregular

Indicative

Present (Présent) Irregular

Use the présent for habits, what is true now, and what is about to happen soon. A single set of endings covers what English often splits into “I speak” and “I am speaking”.

Elle parle arabe et français.

PronounFrenchEnglish
jeparfaisI perfect
tuparfaisyou perfect
il/elleparfaithe/she/it perfects
nousparfaisonswe perfect
vousparfaitesyou (pl.) perfect
ils/ellesparfontthey perfect

Simple past (Passé simple) Irregular

The passé simple narrates completed past events in a literary or very formal style. In everyday conversation people use the passé composé instead, so you mostly meet this form in books and journalism.

Ils virent le roi s'approcher.

PronounFrenchEnglish
jeparfisI perfected
tuparfisyou perfected
il/elleparfithe/she/it perfected
nousparfîmeswe perfected
vousparfîtesyou (pl.) perfected
ils/ellesparfirentthey perfected

Imperfect (Imparfait) Irregular

The imparfait describes ongoing or repeated past actions and sets the background — how things were, what used to happen, weather, feelings. The passé composé, by contrast, marks single completed events.

Quand j'étais petit, j'allais souvent à la piscine.

PronounFrench
jeparfaisais
tuparfaisais
il/elleparfaisait
nousparfaisions
vousparfaisiez
ils/ellesparfaisaient

Conditional (Conditionnel) Irregular

The conditionnel is for polite questions and requests, “would”-type hypotheticals, and what someone said would happen. It is also the usual consequent clause in si + imparfait → conditionnel patterns.

Pourriez-vous répéter, s'il vous plaît ?

PronounFrenchEnglish
jeparferaisI would perfect
tuparferaisyou would perfect
il/elleparferaithe/she/it would perfect
nousparferionswe would perfect
vousparferiezyou (pl.) would perfect
ils/ellesparferaientthey would perfect

Future (Futur) Irregular

The futur is for future plans and objective predictions. In speech, aller + infinitive is often clearer for the immediate future, while the simple future is common for facts further ahead or in writing.

Demain, nous dînerons chez eux.

PronounFrenchEnglish
jeparferaiI will perfect
tuparferasyou will perfect
il/elleparferahe/she/it will perfect
nousparferonswe will perfect
vousparferezyou (pl.) will perfect
ils/ellesparferontthey will perfect

Present perfect (Passé composé) Regular

The passé composé is the main spoken past for completed, bounded actions (often with a time adverb). Use avoir with most verbs; être is required for a fixed group of motion/inchange and all pronominal verbs, with participle agreement when necessary.

Elle est venue tôt, puis elle a téléphoné.

PronounFrenchEnglish
jej'ai parfaitI have perfected
tutu as parfaityou have perfected
il/elleil/elle a parfaithe/she/it has perfected
nousnous avons parfaitwe have perfected
vousvous avez parfaityou (pl.) have perfected
ils/ellesils/elles ont parfaitthey have perfected

Pluperfect (Plus-que-parfait) Regular

The plus-que-parfait is the “earlier past”: one action was already over before another past moment. It answers “had already” when a story is anchored in a past time.

Déjà, il avait fini quand je suis arrivé.

PronounFrenchEnglish
jej'avais parfaitI had perfected
tutu avais parfaityou had perfected
il/elleil/elle avait parfaithe/she/it had perfected
nousnous avions parfaitwe had perfected
vousvous aviez parfaityou (pl.) had perfected
ils/ellesils/elles avaient parfaitthey had perfected

Conditional perfect (Conditionnel passé) Regular

The conditionnel passé states what would have been true, plans that failed, and unreal past if-clauses (often with si + plus-que-parfait in the apodose).

J'aurais dit oui, mais c'était impossible.

PronounFrench
jej'aurais parfait
tutu aurais parfait
il/elleil/elle aurait parfait
nousnous aurions parfait
vousvous auriez parfait
ils/ellesils/elles auraient parfait

Future perfect (Futur antérieur) Regular

The futur antérieur marks an action that will be finished before a later future moment (by then I will have…). It can also suggest a conjecture about a recent past fact in formal or literary use.

D'ici samedi, j'aurai lu le rapport.

PronounFrenchEnglish
jej'aurai parfaitI will have perfected
tutu auras parfaityou will have perfected
il/elleil/elle aura parfaithe/she/it will have perfected
nousnous aurons parfaitwe will have perfected
vousvous aurez parfaityou (pl.) will have perfected
ils/ellesils/elles auront parfaitthey will have perfected

Subjunctive

Present subjunctive (Subjonctif présent) Irregular

The present subjunctive appears in subordinate clauses after desire, doubt, fear, need, and many impersonals, usually when the subject of the subordinate is different. Learn common triggers: il faut que, je veux que, je doute que…

Il faut qu'il parte avant midi.

PronounFrench
jeparfasse
tuparfasses
il/elleparfasse
nousparfassions
vousparfassiez
ils/ellesparfassent

Imperfect subjunctive (Subjonctif imparfait) Regular

The imparfait du subjonctif is a literary and formal past subjunctive. In modern speech, the present subjunctive usually replaces it for the same meaning.

Bien qu'il fût fatigué, il continua.

PronounFrench
jeparfisse
tuparfisses
il/elleparfît
nousparfissions
vousparfissiez
ils/ellesparfissent

Other forms

Imperative (Impératif) Regular

The imperative is for direct orders and advice to tu, nous, and vous. For many -er verbs, the tu form drops the final -s of the present (parle!); negatives use the subjunctive-like forms in practice.

Fermons la porte, s'il vous plaît !

PronounFrench
tuparfais
nousparfaisons
vousparfaites