Spanish verb conjugation
2,175 Spanish verbs with full conjugation tables — every tense and pronoun, including voseo.
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Most common Spanish verbs
- ir to go
- hablar to speak
- llamar to call
- gustar to like, to be pleasing (to)
- conocer to know (people, places), to meet
- trabajar to work
- comer to eat
- leer to read
- sentar to sit, to seat (sentarse: to sit down)
- dormir to sleep
- preparar to prepare
- estudiar to study
- visitar to visit
- aprender to learn
- interesar to interest
- preferir to prefer
- viajar to travel
- valer to be worth
- jugar to play
- casar to marry
- tocar to touch
- cenar to dine
- traer to bring
- correr to run
- practicar to practice
- enseñar to teach
- caminar to walk
- observar to observe
- descansar to rest
- alquilar to rent
- robar to rob
- gritar to shout
- acostar to put to bed
- fabricar to manufacture
- desayunar to have breakfast
- reservar to reserve, keep
- llover to rain
- amar to love
- soñar to dream
- saludar to greet
- variar to vary, to change
- charlar to chat
- divorciar to divorce (to legally dissolve a marriage)
- dividir to divide
- alojar to house, accommodate
- bañar to bathe
- opinar to think, to give one's opinion
- intercambiar to exchange, to swap
- nadar to swim
- concentrar to concentrate
Spanish tenses explained
Present (Presente)
The present tense is the most versatile tense in Spanish. It covers actions happening right now, habitual actions, and even near-future plans. One form does the work of three English constructions.
Ella habla inglés — She speaks / is speaking English
Present subjunctive (Subjuntivo presente)
Used in subordinate clauses after expressions of desire, doubt, emotion, necessity, or impersonal statements. Triggered by a change of subject between the main and subordinate clause.
Espero que hable — I hope she speaks
Preterite (Pretérito indefinido)
Used for completed past actions with a defined endpoint — a single event, a series of events, or an action that interrupted another. Common with time expressions like ayer, el lunes, una vez.
Ella habló de ti ayer — She spoke about you yesterday
Imperfect subjunctive (-ra) (Subjuntivo imperfecto (-ra))
The past subjunctive used after past main verbs, in if-clauses with conditional, and for polite softening. The -ra form is more common in everyday speech than the -se form.
Si pudiera, lo haría — If I could, I would do it
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo afirmativo)
Direct commands and instructions. The imperative only exists for tú, usted, nosotros, vosotros and ustedes — yo has no command form. Affirmative and negative forms use different conjugations.
Habla más despacio — Speak more slowly
Imperfect (Pretérito imperfecto)
Describes ongoing or habitual past states — what things were like, background context, what used to happen. Contrasts with the preterite which marks completed events.
Cuando era niño vivía en Valencia — When I was a child I lived in Valencia
Imperfect subjunctive (-se) (Subjuntivo imperfecto (-se))
The alternative past subjunctive form. Interchangeable with -ra in most contexts but slightly more literary or formal. Both forms are grammatically correct in all regions.
Si pudiese, lo haría — If I could, I would do it
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo)
Negative commands use the subjunctive forms for all persons. Formed with no + present subjunctive. This applies to all persons including tú where the affirmative uses a different form.
No hables tan rápido — Do not speak so fast
Conditional (Condicional)
Expresses hypothetical actions, polite requests, and what would happen under certain conditions. Also used for reported speech about the future from a past perspective.
¿Podrías ayudarme? — Could you help me?
Perfect subjunctive (Pretérito perfecto de subjuntivo)
A compound subjunctive that expresses completed actions in a subjunctive context — used after present or future main verbs expressing doubt, emotion or desire.
Dudo que ya haya llegado — I doubt she has already arrived
Present progressive (Presente progresivo)
Emphasises that an action is happening right now at this very moment. Less common than in English since the present tense already covers ongoing actions in Spanish.
Estoy hablando contigo — I am speaking with you
Future (Futuro)
Expresses future actions, predictions, and probability about the present. Formed with the full infinitive as stem for most verbs. In spoken Spanish, ir a + infinitive is often preferred for near future.
Ella hablará en conferencia mañana — She will speak at the conference tomorrow
Pluperfect subjunctive (Pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo)
Expresses what had happened in hypothetical or unreal past contexts — the subjunctive equivalent of the pluperfect. Common in contrary-to-fact past conditions.
Si hubiera hablado, lo habrían creído — If she had spoken, they would have believed her
Preterite progressive (Pretérito indefinido progresivo)
Describes an action that was in progress throughout a completed past period. Uses the preterite of estar + gerund to emphasise the ongoing nature within a defined timeframe.
Estuvo hablando toda la tarde — He was talking all afternoon
Present perfect (Pretérito perfecto)
A compound past tense linking a past action to the present moment — something that has happened and still feels recent or relevant. More common in Spain than Latin America where preterite is preferred.
Hoy he hablado con el jefe — Today I have spoken with the boss
Imperfect progressive (Pretérito imperfecto progresivo)
Emphasises an ongoing background action using the imperfect of estar + gerund. Layered on top of the imperfect which already conveys continuity — used for extra emphasis on the progressive nature.
Estaba hablando cuando entró — I was speaking when he came in
Pluperfect (Pretérito pluscuamperfecto)
The past of the past — describes an action that was already completed before another past event happened. Always implies a reference point in the past.
Ya había hablado cuando llegaste — She had already spoken when you arrived
Conditional progressive (Condicional progresivo)
Expresses what would be in progress under hypothetical conditions. Uses the conditional of estar + gerund. Less common but used for emphasis on the ongoing nature of a hypothetical action.
Estaría hablando ahora si pudiera — I would be speaking now if I could
Conditional perfect (Condicional perfecto)
Expresses what would have happened — actions that were possible but did not occur, or regrets about the past. Formed with conditional of haber + past participle.
Habría hablado, pero no me dejaron — I would have spoken, but they did not let me
Future progressive (Futuro progresivo)
Describes an action that will be in progress at a future point, or expresses probability about an ongoing present action. Uses the future of estar + gerund.
Mañana a esta hora estaré viajando — At this time tomorrow I will be travelling
Future perfect (Futuro perfecto)
Describes an action that will have been completed by a certain point in the future, or expresses probability about a recent past action.
Para el lunes habré terminado — By Monday I will have finished