ertragen — German conjugation

to endure

Frequency#493Irregular

Indicative

Present (Präsens) Irregular

Präsens is the default present for facts, habits, and near-future plans. German has no continuous aspect in the same way as English, so a single form often covers both “I work” and “I am working” when you add a time adverb or context.

Ich arbeite heute im Homeoffice.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichertrageI endure
duerträgstyou endure
er/sie/eserträgthe/she/it endures
wirertragenwe endure
ihrertragtyou (pl.) endure
sie/Sieertragenthey endure

Simple past (Präteritum) Irregular

Präteritum is a narrative past, common in print and in northern speech, while southern speakers lean on the perfect in conversation. sein and haben keep their Präteritum even when you otherwise avoid the preterite.

Er war müde, aber er hatte keinen Kaffee mehr.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichertrugI endured
duertrugstyou endured
er/sie/esertrughe/she/it endured
wirertrugenwe endured
ihrertrugtyou (pl.) endured
sie/Sieertrugenthey endured

Present perfect (Perfekt) Irregular

The Perfekt is the everyday past for finished events: auxiliary haben or sein plus participle, with sein for most motion, coming/going, and some change-of-state verbs.

Wir sind rechtzeitig angekommen und haben gefeiert.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichhabe ertragenI have endured
duhast ertragenyou have endured
er/sie/eshat ertragenhe/she/it has endured
wirhaben ertragenwe have endured
ihrhabt ertragenyou (pl.) have endured
sie/Siehaben ertragenthey have endured

Pluperfect (Plusquamperfekt) Irregular

The Plusquamperfekt is the pluperfect: it marks what had already completed before a later past episode in the same narrative.

Sie war schon gegangen, bevor er ankam.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichhatte ertragenI had endured
duhattest ertragenyou had endured
er/sie/eshatte ertragenhe/she/it had endured
wirhatten ertragenwe had endured
ihrhattet ertragenyou (pl.) had endured
sie/Siehatten ertragenthey had endured

Future I (Futur I) Irregular

Futur I is for predictions, firm promises, and also probability about the present in colloquial German. Everyday speech very often uses Präsens plus a time expression instead.

Morgen schneit es, sagt der Wetterbericht.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichwerde ertragenI will endure
duwirst ertragenyou will endure
er/sie/eswird ertragenhe/she/it will endure
wirwerden ertragenwe will endure
ihrwerdet ertragenyou (pl.) will endure
sie/Siewerden ertragenthey will endure

Future II (Futur II) Irregular

Futur II (werden + participle + haben/sein) names an action that will be completed before a later time, and can also express a guess that something must already have happened.

Bis Freitag werde ich alles gepackt haben.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichwerde ertragen habenI will have endured
duwirst ertragen habenyou will have endured
er/sie/eswird ertragen habenhe/she/it will have endured
wirwerden ertragen habenwe will have endured
ihrwerdet ertragen habenyou (pl.) will have endured
sie/Siewerden ertragen habenthey will have endured

Subjunctive

Subjunctive II (Konjunktiv II) Irregular

Konjunktiv II is the mood for politeness, contrary-to-fact if-clauses, and reported views. In speech, würde + infinitive often stands in for rarer preterit-based forms.

Könnten Sie mir bitte helfen?

PronounGerman
ichertrüge
duertrügest
er/sie/esertrüge
wirertrügen
ihrertrüget
sie/Sieertrügen

Other forms

Imperative (Imperativ) Irregular

The imperative uses the du, ihr, and Sie forms of command; the informal du form drops the -st of the present for many strong verbs, and separable-prefix verbs place the prefix at the end.

Mach bitte schnell, der Zug fährt gleich ab.

PronounGerman
duertrage
ihrertragt