ertragen — German conjugation
to endure
Indicative
Present (Präsens) Irregular
Präsens is the default present for facts, habits, and near-future plans. German has no continuous aspect in the same way as English, so a single form often covers both “I work” and “I am working” when you add a time adverb or context.
Ich arbeite heute im Homeoffice.
| Pronoun | German | English |
|---|---|---|
| ich | ertrage | I endure |
| du | erträgst | you endure |
| er/sie/es | erträgt | he/she/it endures |
| wir | ertragen | we endure |
| ihr | ertragt | you (pl.) endure |
| sie/Sie | ertragen | they endure |
Simple past (Präteritum) Irregular
Präteritum is a narrative past, common in print and in northern speech, while southern speakers lean on the perfect in conversation. sein and haben keep their Präteritum even when you otherwise avoid the preterite.
Er war müde, aber er hatte keinen Kaffee mehr.
| Pronoun | German | English |
|---|---|---|
| ich | ertrug | I endured |
| du | ertrugst | you endured |
| er/sie/es | ertrug | he/she/it endured |
| wir | ertrugen | we endured |
| ihr | ertrugt | you (pl.) endured |
| sie/Sie | ertrugen | they endured |
Present perfect (Perfekt) Irregular
The Perfekt is the everyday past for finished events: auxiliary haben or sein plus participle, with sein for most motion, coming/going, and some change-of-state verbs.
Wir sind rechtzeitig angekommen und haben gefeiert.
| Pronoun | German | English |
|---|---|---|
| ich | habe ertragen | I have endured |
| du | hast ertragen | you have endured |
| er/sie/es | hat ertragen | he/she/it has endured |
| wir | haben ertragen | we have endured |
| ihr | habt ertragen | you (pl.) have endured |
| sie/Sie | haben ertragen | they have endured |
Pluperfect (Plusquamperfekt) Irregular
The Plusquamperfekt is the pluperfect: it marks what had already completed before a later past episode in the same narrative.
Sie war schon gegangen, bevor er ankam.
| Pronoun | German | English |
|---|---|---|
| ich | hatte ertragen | I had endured |
| du | hattest ertragen | you had endured |
| er/sie/es | hatte ertragen | he/she/it had endured |
| wir | hatten ertragen | we had endured |
| ihr | hattet ertragen | you (pl.) had endured |
| sie/Sie | hatten ertragen | they had endured |
Future I (Futur I) Irregular
Futur I is for predictions, firm promises, and also probability about the present in colloquial German. Everyday speech very often uses Präsens plus a time expression instead.
Morgen schneit es, sagt der Wetterbericht.
| Pronoun | German | English |
|---|---|---|
| ich | werde ertragen | I will endure |
| du | wirst ertragen | you will endure |
| er/sie/es | wird ertragen | he/she/it will endure |
| wir | werden ertragen | we will endure |
| ihr | werdet ertragen | you (pl.) will endure |
| sie/Sie | werden ertragen | they will endure |
Future II (Futur II) Irregular
Futur II (werden + participle + haben/sein) names an action that will be completed before a later time, and can also express a guess that something must already have happened.
Bis Freitag werde ich alles gepackt haben.
| Pronoun | German | English |
|---|---|---|
| ich | werde ertragen haben | I will have endured |
| du | wirst ertragen haben | you will have endured |
| er/sie/es | wird ertragen haben | he/she/it will have endured |
| wir | werden ertragen haben | we will have endured |
| ihr | werdet ertragen haben | you (pl.) will have endured |
| sie/Sie | werden ertragen haben | they will have endured |
Subjunctive
Subjunctive II (Konjunktiv II) Irregular
Konjunktiv II is the mood for politeness, contrary-to-fact if-clauses, and reported views. In speech, würde + infinitive often stands in for rarer preterit-based forms.
Könnten Sie mir bitte helfen?
| Pronoun | German |
|---|---|
| ich | ertrüge |
| du | ertrügest |
| er/sie/es | ertrüge |
| wir | ertrügen |
| ihr | ertrüget |
| sie/Sie | ertrügen |
Other forms
Imperative (Imperativ) Irregular
The imperative uses the du, ihr, and Sie forms of command; the informal du form drops the -st of the present for many strong verbs, and separable-prefix verbs place the prefix at the end.
Mach bitte schnell, der Zug fährt gleich ab.
| Pronoun | German |
|---|---|
| du | ertrage |
| ihr | ertragt |