kauen — German conjugation

to chew

Frequency#707Regular

Indicative

Present (Präsens) Regular

Präsens is the default present for facts, habits, and near-future plans. German has no continuous aspect in the same way as English, so a single form often covers both “I work” and “I am working” when you add a time adverb or context.

Ich arbeite heute im Homeoffice.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichkaueI chew
dukaustyou chew
er/sie/eskauthe/she/it chews
wirkauenwe chew
ihrkautyou (pl.) chew
sie/Siekauenthey chew

Simple past (Präteritum) Regular

Präteritum is a narrative past, common in print and in northern speech, while southern speakers lean on the perfect in conversation. sein and haben keep their Präteritum even when you otherwise avoid the preterite.

Er war müde, aber er hatte keinen Kaffee mehr.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichkauteI chewed
dukautestyou chewed
er/sie/eskautehe/she/it chewed
wirkautenwe chewed
ihrkautetyou (pl.) chewed
sie/Siekautenthey chewed

Present perfect (Perfekt) Regular

The Perfekt is the everyday past for finished events: auxiliary haben or sein plus participle, with sein for most motion, coming/going, and some change-of-state verbs.

Wir sind rechtzeitig angekommen und haben gefeiert.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichhabe gekautI have chewed
duhast gekautyou have chewed
er/sie/eshat gekauthe/she/it has chewed
wirhaben gekautwe have chewed
ihrhabt gekautyou (pl.) have chewed
sie/Siehaben gekautthey have chewed

Pluperfect (Plusquamperfekt) Regular

The Plusquamperfekt is the pluperfect: it marks what had already completed before a later past episode in the same narrative.

Sie war schon gegangen, bevor er ankam.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichhatte gekautI had chewed
duhattest gekautyou had chewed
er/sie/eshatte gekauthe/she/it had chewed
wirhatten gekautwe had chewed
ihrhattet gekautyou (pl.) had chewed
sie/Siehatten gekautthey had chewed

Future I (Futur I) Regular

Futur I is for predictions, firm promises, and also probability about the present in colloquial German. Everyday speech very often uses Präsens plus a time expression instead.

Morgen schneit es, sagt der Wetterbericht.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichwerde kauenI will chew
duwirst kauenyou will chew
er/sie/eswird kauenhe/she/it will chew
wirwerden kauenwe will chew
ihrwerdet kauenyou (pl.) will chew
sie/Siewerden kauenthey will chew

Future II (Futur II) Regular

Futur II (werden + participle + haben/sein) names an action that will be completed before a later time, and can also express a guess that something must already have happened.

Bis Freitag werde ich alles gepackt haben.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichwerde gekaut habenI will have chewed
duwirst gekaut habenyou will have chewed
er/sie/eswird gekaut habenhe/she/it will have chewed
wirwerden gekaut habenwe will have chewed
ihrwerdet gekaut habenyou (pl.) will have chewed
sie/Siewerden gekaut habenthey will have chewed

Subjunctive

Subjunctive II (Konjunktiv II) Regular

Konjunktiv II is the mood for politeness, contrary-to-fact if-clauses, and reported views. In speech, würde + infinitive often stands in for rarer preterit-based forms.

Könnten Sie mir bitte helfen?

PronounGerman
ichkaute
dukautest
er/sie/eskaute
wirkauten
ihrkautet
sie/Siekauten

Other forms

Imperative (Imperativ) Regular

The imperative uses the du, ihr, and Sie forms of command; the informal du form drops the -st of the present for many strong verbs, and separable-prefix verbs place the prefix at the end.

Mach bitte schnell, der Zug fährt gleich ab.

PronounGerman
dukaue
ihrkaut