kreisen — German conjugation
to circle, to wheel
Indicative
Present (Präsens) Regular
Präsens is the default present for facts, habits, and near-future plans. German has no continuous aspect in the same way as English, so a single form often covers both “I work” and “I am working” when you add a time adverb or context.
Ich arbeite heute im Homeoffice.
| Pronoun | German | English |
|---|---|---|
| ich | kreise | I circle |
| du | kreist | you circle |
| er/sie/es | kreist | he/she/it circles |
| wir | kreisen | we circle |
| ihr | kreist | you (pl.) circle |
| sie/Sie | kreisen | they circle |
Simple past (Präteritum) Regular
Präteritum is a narrative past, common in print and in northern speech, while southern speakers lean on the perfect in conversation. sein and haben keep their Präteritum even when you otherwise avoid the preterite.
Er war müde, aber er hatte keinen Kaffee mehr.
| Pronoun | German | English |
|---|---|---|
| ich | kreiste | I circled |
| du | kreistest | you circled |
| er/sie/es | kreiste | he/she/it circled |
| wir | kreisten | we circled |
| ihr | kreistet | you (pl.) circled |
| sie/Sie | kreisten | they circled |
Present perfect (Perfekt) Regular
The Perfekt is the everyday past for finished events: auxiliary haben or sein plus participle, with sein for most motion, coming/going, and some change-of-state verbs.
Wir sind rechtzeitig angekommen und haben gefeiert.
| Pronoun | German | English |
|---|---|---|
| ich | habe gekreist | I have circled |
| du | hast gekreist | you have circled |
| er/sie/es | hat gekreist | he/she/it has circled |
| wir | haben gekreist | we have circled |
| ihr | habt gekreist | you (pl.) have circled |
| sie/Sie | haben gekreist | they have circled |
Pluperfect (Plusquamperfekt) Regular
The Plusquamperfekt is the pluperfect: it marks what had already completed before a later past episode in the same narrative.
Sie war schon gegangen, bevor er ankam.
| Pronoun | German | English |
|---|---|---|
| ich | hatte gekreist | I had circled |
| du | hattest gekreist | you had circled |
| er/sie/es | hatte gekreist | he/she/it had circled |
| wir | hatten gekreist | we had circled |
| ihr | hattet gekreist | you (pl.) had circled |
| sie/Sie | hatten gekreist | they had circled |
Future I (Futur I) Regular
Futur I is for predictions, firm promises, and also probability about the present in colloquial German. Everyday speech very often uses Präsens plus a time expression instead.
Morgen schneit es, sagt der Wetterbericht.
| Pronoun | German | English |
|---|---|---|
| ich | werde kreisen | I will circle |
| du | wirst kreisen | you will circle |
| er/sie/es | wird kreisen | he/she/it will circle |
| wir | werden kreisen | we will circle |
| ihr | werdet kreisen | you (pl.) will circle |
| sie/Sie | werden kreisen | they will circle |
Future II (Futur II) Regular
Futur II (werden + participle + haben/sein) names an action that will be completed before a later time, and can also express a guess that something must already have happened.
Bis Freitag werde ich alles gepackt haben.
| Pronoun | German | English |
|---|---|---|
| ich | werde gekreist haben | I will have circled |
| du | wirst gekreist haben | you will have circled |
| er/sie/es | wird gekreist haben | he/she/it will have circled |
| wir | werden gekreist haben | we will have circled |
| ihr | werdet gekreist haben | you (pl.) will have circled |
| sie/Sie | werden gekreist haben | they will have circled |
Subjunctive
Subjunctive II (Konjunktiv II) Regular
Konjunktiv II is the mood for politeness, contrary-to-fact if-clauses, and reported views. In speech, würde + infinitive often stands in for rarer preterit-based forms.
Könnten Sie mir bitte helfen?
| Pronoun | German |
|---|---|
| ich | kreiste |
| du | kreistest |
| er/sie/es | kreiste |
| wir | kreisten |
| ihr | kreistet |
| sie/Sie | kreisten |
Other forms
Imperative (Imperativ) Regular
The imperative uses the du, ihr, and Sie forms of command; the informal du form drops the -st of the present for many strong verbs, and separable-prefix verbs place the prefix at the end.
Mach bitte schnell, der Zug fährt gleich ab.
| Pronoun | German |
|---|---|
| du | kreise |
| ihr | kreist |