munkeln — German conjugation

to murmur

Frequency#2079Regular

Indicative

Present (Präsens) Regular

Präsens is the default present for facts, habits, and near-future plans. German has no continuous aspect in the same way as English, so a single form often covers both “I work” and “I am working” when you add a time adverb or context.

Ich arbeite heute im Homeoffice.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichmunkeleI murmur
dumunkelstyou murmur
er/sie/esmunkelthe/she/it murmurs
wirmunkelnwe murmur
ihrmunkeltyou (pl.) murmur
sie/Siemunkelnthey murmur

Simple past (Präteritum) Regular

Präteritum is a narrative past, common in print and in northern speech, while southern speakers lean on the perfect in conversation. sein and haben keep their Präteritum even when you otherwise avoid the preterite.

Er war müde, aber er hatte keinen Kaffee mehr.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichmunkelteI murmured
dumunkeltestyou murmured
er/sie/esmunkeltehe/she/it murmured
wirmunkeltenwe murmured
ihrmunkeltetyou (pl.) murmured
sie/Siemunkeltenthey murmured

Present perfect (Perfekt) Regular

The Perfekt is the everyday past for finished events: auxiliary haben or sein plus participle, with sein for most motion, coming/going, and some change-of-state verbs.

Wir sind rechtzeitig angekommen und haben gefeiert.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichhabe gemunkeltI have murmured
duhast gemunkeltyou have murmured
er/sie/eshat gemunkelthe/she/it has murmured
wirhaben gemunkeltwe have murmured
ihrhabt gemunkeltyou (pl.) have murmured
sie/Siehaben gemunkeltthey have murmured

Pluperfect (Plusquamperfekt) Regular

The Plusquamperfekt is the pluperfect: it marks what had already completed before a later past episode in the same narrative.

Sie war schon gegangen, bevor er ankam.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichhatte gemunkeltI had murmured
duhattest gemunkeltyou had murmured
er/sie/eshatte gemunkelthe/she/it had murmured
wirhatten gemunkeltwe had murmured
ihrhattet gemunkeltyou (pl.) had murmured
sie/Siehatten gemunkeltthey had murmured

Future I (Futur I) Regular

Futur I is for predictions, firm promises, and also probability about the present in colloquial German. Everyday speech very often uses Präsens plus a time expression instead.

Morgen schneit es, sagt der Wetterbericht.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichwerde munkelnI will murmur
duwirst munkelnyou will murmur
er/sie/eswird munkelnhe/she/it will murmur
wirwerden munkelnwe will murmur
ihrwerdet munkelnyou (pl.) will murmur
sie/Siewerden munkelnthey will murmur

Future II (Futur II) Regular

Futur II (werden + participle + haben/sein) names an action that will be completed before a later time, and can also express a guess that something must already have happened.

Bis Freitag werde ich alles gepackt haben.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichwerde gemunkelt habenI will have murmured
duwirst gemunkelt habenyou will have murmured
er/sie/eswird gemunkelt habenhe/she/it will have murmured
wirwerden gemunkelt habenwe will have murmured
ihrwerdet gemunkelt habenyou (pl.) will have murmured
sie/Siewerden gemunkelt habenthey will have murmured

Subjunctive

Subjunctive II (Konjunktiv II) Regular

Konjunktiv II is the mood for politeness, contrary-to-fact if-clauses, and reported views. In speech, würde + infinitive often stands in for rarer preterit-based forms.

Könnten Sie mir bitte helfen?

PronounGerman
ichmunkelte
dumunkeltest
er/sie/esmunkelte
wirmunkelten
ihrmunkeltet
sie/Siemunkelten

Other forms

Imperative (Imperativ) Regular

The imperative uses the du, ihr, and Sie forms of command; the informal du form drops the -st of the present for many strong verbs, and separable-prefix verbs place the prefix at the end.

Mach bitte schnell, der Zug fährt gleich ab.

PronounGerman
dumunkele
ihrmunkelt