rufen — German conjugation

to call

Frequency#128Irregular

Indicative

Present (Präsens) Irregular

Präsens is the default present for facts, habits, and near-future plans. German has no continuous aspect in the same way as English, so a single form often covers both “I work” and “I am working” when you add a time adverb or context.

Ich arbeite heute im Homeoffice.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichrufeI call
durufstyou call
er/sie/esrufthe/she/it calls
wirrufenwe call
ihrruftyou (pl.) call
sie/Sierufenthey call

Simple past (Präteritum) Irregular

Präteritum is a narrative past, common in print and in northern speech, while southern speakers lean on the perfect in conversation. sein and haben keep their Präteritum even when you otherwise avoid the preterite.

Er war müde, aber er hatte keinen Kaffee mehr.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichriefI called
duriefstyou called
er/sie/esriefhe/she/it called
wirriefenwe called
ihrrieftyou (pl.) called
sie/Sieriefenthey called

Present perfect (Perfekt) Irregular

The Perfekt is the everyday past for finished events: auxiliary haben or sein plus participle, with sein for most motion, coming/going, and some change-of-state verbs.

Wir sind rechtzeitig angekommen und haben gefeiert.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichhabe gerufenI have called
duhast gerufenyou have called
er/sie/eshat gerufenhe/she/it has called
wirhaben gerufenwe have called
ihrhabt gerufenyou (pl.) have called
sie/Siehaben gerufenthey have called

Pluperfect (Plusquamperfekt) Irregular

The Plusquamperfekt is the pluperfect: it marks what had already completed before a later past episode in the same narrative.

Sie war schon gegangen, bevor er ankam.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichhatte gerufenI had called
duhattest gerufenyou had called
er/sie/eshatte gerufenhe/she/it had called
wirhatten gerufenwe had called
ihrhattet gerufenyou (pl.) had called
sie/Siehatten gerufenthey had called

Future I (Futur I) Irregular

Futur I is for predictions, firm promises, and also probability about the present in colloquial German. Everyday speech very often uses Präsens plus a time expression instead.

Morgen schneit es, sagt der Wetterbericht.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichwerde rufenI will call
duwirst rufenyou will call
er/sie/eswird rufenhe/she/it will call
wirwerden rufenwe will call
ihrwerdet rufenyou (pl.) will call
sie/Siewerden rufenthey will call

Future II (Futur II) Irregular

Futur II (werden + participle + haben/sein) names an action that will be completed before a later time, and can also express a guess that something must already have happened.

Bis Freitag werde ich alles gepackt haben.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichwerde gerufen habenI will have called
duwirst gerufen habenyou will have called
er/sie/eswird gerufen habenhe/she/it will have called
wirwerden gerufen habenwe will have called
ihrwerdet gerufen habenyou (pl.) will have called
sie/Siewerden gerufen habenthey will have called

Subjunctive

Subjunctive II (Konjunktiv II) Irregular

Konjunktiv II is the mood for politeness, contrary-to-fact if-clauses, and reported views. In speech, würde + infinitive often stands in for rarer preterit-based forms.

Könnten Sie mir bitte helfen?

PronounGerman
ichriefe
duriefest
er/sie/esriefe
wirriefen
ihrriefet
sie/Sieriefen

Other forms

Imperative (Imperativ) Irregular

The imperative uses the du, ihr, and Sie forms of command; the informal du form drops the -st of the present for many strong verbs, and separable-prefix verbs place the prefix at the end.

Mach bitte schnell, der Zug fährt gleich ab.

PronounGerman
durufe
ihrruft