zwingen — German conjugation

to force; to compel; to make (someone do something)

Frequency#331Irregular

Indicative

Present (Präsens) Irregular

Präsens is the default present for facts, habits, and near-future plans. German has no continuous aspect in the same way as English, so a single form often covers both “I work” and “I am working” when you add a time adverb or context.

Ich arbeite heute im Homeoffice.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichzwingeI force
duzwingstyou force
er/sie/eszwingthe/she/it forces
wirzwingenwe force
ihrzwingtyou (pl.) force
sie/Siezwingenthey force

Simple past (Präteritum) Irregular

Präteritum is a narrative past, common in print and in northern speech, while southern speakers lean on the perfect in conversation. sein and haben keep their Präteritum even when you otherwise avoid the preterite.

Er war müde, aber er hatte keinen Kaffee mehr.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichzwangI forced
duzwangstyou forced
er/sie/eszwanghe/she/it forced
wirzwangenwe forced
ihrzwangtyou (pl.) forced
sie/Siezwangenthey forced

Present perfect (Perfekt) Irregular

The Perfekt is the everyday past for finished events: auxiliary haben or sein plus participle, with sein for most motion, coming/going, and some change-of-state verbs.

Wir sind rechtzeitig angekommen und haben gefeiert.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichhabe gezwungenI have forced
duhast gezwungenyou have forced
er/sie/eshat gezwungenhe/she/it has forced
wirhaben gezwungenwe have forced
ihrhabt gezwungenyou (pl.) have forced
sie/Siehaben gezwungenthey have forced

Pluperfect (Plusquamperfekt) Irregular

The Plusquamperfekt is the pluperfect: it marks what had already completed before a later past episode in the same narrative.

Sie war schon gegangen, bevor er ankam.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichhatte gezwungenI had forced
duhattest gezwungenyou had forced
er/sie/eshatte gezwungenhe/she/it had forced
wirhatten gezwungenwe had forced
ihrhattet gezwungenyou (pl.) had forced
sie/Siehatten gezwungenthey had forced

Future I (Futur I) Irregular

Futur I is for predictions, firm promises, and also probability about the present in colloquial German. Everyday speech very often uses Präsens plus a time expression instead.

Morgen schneit es, sagt der Wetterbericht.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichwerde zwingenI will force
duwirst zwingenyou will force
er/sie/eswird zwingenhe/she/it will force
wirwerden zwingenwe will force
ihrwerdet zwingenyou (pl.) will force
sie/Siewerden zwingenthey will force

Future II (Futur II) Irregular

Futur II (werden + participle + haben/sein) names an action that will be completed before a later time, and can also express a guess that something must already have happened.

Bis Freitag werde ich alles gepackt haben.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichwerde gezwungen habenI will have forced
duwirst gezwungen habenyou will have forced
er/sie/eswird gezwungen habenhe/she/it will have forced
wirwerden gezwungen habenwe will have forced
ihrwerdet gezwungen habenyou (pl.) will have forced
sie/Siewerden gezwungen habenthey will have forced

Subjunctive

Subjunctive II (Konjunktiv II) Irregular

Konjunktiv II is the mood for politeness, contrary-to-fact if-clauses, and reported views. In speech, würde + infinitive often stands in for rarer preterit-based forms.

Könnten Sie mir bitte helfen?

PronounGerman
ichzwänge
duzwängest
er/sie/eszwänge
wirzwängen
ihrzwänget
sie/Siezwängen

Other forms

Imperative (Imperativ) Irregular

The imperative uses the du, ihr, and Sie forms of command; the informal du form drops the -st of the present for many strong verbs, and separable-prefix verbs place the prefix at the end.

Mach bitte schnell, der Zug fährt gleich ab.

PronounGerman
duzwinge
ihrzwingt