brindare — Italian conjugation
to toast
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | brindo | I toast |
| tu | brindi | you toast |
| lui/lei | brinda | he/she/it toasts |
| noi | brindiamo | we toast |
| voi | brindate | you (pl.) toast |
| loro | brindano | they toast |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | brindai | I toasted |
| tu | brindasti | you toasted |
| lui/lei | brindò | he/she/it toasted |
| noi | brindammo | we toasted |
| voi | brindaste | you (pl.) toasted |
| loro | brindarono | they toasted |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | brindavo |
| tu | brindavi |
| lui/lei | brindava |
| noi | brindavamo |
| voi | brindavate |
| loro | brindavano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | brinderei | I would toast |
| tu | brinderesti | you would toast |
| lui/lei | brinderebbe | he/she/it would toast |
| noi | brinderemmo | we would toast |
| voi | brindereste | you (pl.) would toast |
| loro | brinderebbero | they would toast |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | brinderò | I will toast |
| tu | brinderai | you will toast |
| lui/lei | brinderà | he/she/it will toast |
| noi | brinderemo | we will toast |
| voi | brinderete | you (pl.) will toast |
| loro | brinderanno | they will toast |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho brindato | I have toasted |
| tu | hai brindato | you have toasted |
| lui/lei | ha brindato | he/she/it has toasted |
| noi | abbiamo brindato | we have toasted |
| voi | avete brindato | you (pl.) have toasted |
| loro | hanno brindato | they have toasted |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo brindato | I had toasted |
| tu | avevi brindato | you had toasted |
| lui/lei | aveva brindato | he/she/it had toasted |
| noi | avevamo brindato | we had toasted |
| voi | avevate brindato | you (pl.) had toasted |
| loro | avevano brindato | they had toasted |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei brindato |
| tu | avresti brindato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe brindato |
| noi | avremmo brindato |
| voi | avreste brindato |
| loro | avrebbero brindato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò brindato | I will have toasted |
| tu | avrai brindato | you will have toasted |
| lui/lei | avrà brindato | he/she/it will have toasted |
| noi | avremo brindato | we will have toasted |
| voi | avrete brindato | you (pl.) will have toasted |
| loro | avranno brindato | they will have toasted |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | brindi |
| tu | brindi |
| lui/lei | brindi |
| noi | brindiamo |
| voi | brindiate |
| loro | brindino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | brindassi |
| tu | brindassi |
| lui/lei | brindasse |
| noi | brindassimo |
| voi | brindaste |
| loro | brindassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | brinda |
| lui/lei | brindi |
| noi | brindiamo |
| voi | brindate |
| loro | brindino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non brindare |
| lui/lei | non brindi |
| noi | non brindiamo |
| voi | non brindate |
| loro | non brindino |