certificare — Italian conjugation
to certify
Indicative
Present (Presente) Irregular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | certifico | I certify |
| tu | certifichi | you certify |
| lui/lei | certifica | he/she/it certifies |
| noi | certifichiamo | we certify |
| voi | certificate | you (pl.) certify |
| loro | certificano | they certify |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | certificai | I certified |
| tu | certificasti | you certified |
| lui/lei | certificò | he/she/it certified |
| noi | certificammo | we certified |
| voi | certificaste | you (pl.) certified |
| loro | certificarono | they certified |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | certificavo |
| tu | certificavi |
| lui/lei | certificava |
| noi | certificavamo |
| voi | certificavate |
| loro | certificavano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | certificherei | I would certify |
| tu | certificheresti | you would certify |
| lui/lei | certificherebbe | he/she/it would certify |
| noi | certificheremmo | we would certify |
| voi | certifichereste | you (pl.) would certify |
| loro | certificherebbero | they would certify |
Future (Futuro semplice) Irregular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | certificherò | I will certify |
| tu | certificherai | you will certify |
| lui/lei | certificherà | he/she/it will certify |
| noi | certificheremo | we will certify |
| voi | certificherete | you (pl.) will certify |
| loro | certificheranno | they will certify |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho certificato | I have certified |
| tu | hai certificato | you have certified |
| lui/lei | ha certificato | he/she/it has certified |
| noi | abbiamo certificato | we have certified |
| voi | avete certificato | you (pl.) have certified |
| loro | hanno certificato | they have certified |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo certificato | I had certified |
| tu | avevi certificato | you had certified |
| lui/lei | aveva certificato | he/she/it had certified |
| noi | avevamo certificato | we had certified |
| voi | avevate certificato | you (pl.) had certified |
| loro | avevano certificato | they had certified |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei certificato |
| tu | avresti certificato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe certificato |
| noi | avremmo certificato |
| voi | avreste certificato |
| loro | avrebbero certificato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò certificato | I will have certified |
| tu | avrai certificato | you will have certified |
| lui/lei | avrà certificato | he/she/it will have certified |
| noi | avremo certificato | we will have certified |
| voi | avrete certificato | you (pl.) will have certified |
| loro | avranno certificato | they will have certified |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Irregular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | certifichi |
| tu | certifichi |
| lui/lei | certifichi |
| noi | certifichiamo |
| voi | certifichiate |
| loro | certifichino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | certificassi |
| tu | certificassi |
| lui/lei | certificasse |
| noi | certificassimo |
| voi | certificaste |
| loro | certificassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | certifica |
| lui/lei | certifichi |
| noi | certifichiamo |
| voi | certificate |
| loro | certifichino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non certificare |
| lui/lei | non certifichi |
| noi | non certifichiamo |
| voi | non certificate |
| loro | non certifichino |