cifrare — Italian conjugation
to encrypt
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | cifro | I encrypt |
| tu | cifri | you encrypt |
| lui/lei | cifra | he/she/it encrypts |
| noi | cifriamo | we encrypt |
| voi | cifrate | you (pl.) encrypt |
| loro | cifrano | they encrypt |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | cifrai | I encrypted |
| tu | cifrasti | you encrypted |
| lui/lei | cifrò | he/she/it encrypted |
| noi | ciframmo | we encrypted |
| voi | cifraste | you (pl.) encrypted |
| loro | cifrarono | they encrypted |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | cifravo |
| tu | cifravi |
| lui/lei | cifrava |
| noi | cifravamo |
| voi | cifravate |
| loro | cifravano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | cifrerei | I would encrypt |
| tu | cifreresti | you would encrypt |
| lui/lei | cifrerebbe | he/she/it would encrypt |
| noi | cifreremmo | we would encrypt |
| voi | cifrereste | you (pl.) would encrypt |
| loro | cifrerebbero | they would encrypt |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | cifrerò | I will encrypt |
| tu | cifrerai | you will encrypt |
| lui/lei | cifrerà | he/she/it will encrypt |
| noi | cifreremo | we will encrypt |
| voi | cifrerete | you (pl.) will encrypt |
| loro | cifreranno | they will encrypt |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho cifrato | I have encrypted |
| tu | hai cifrato | you have encrypted |
| lui/lei | ha cifrato | he/she/it has encrypted |
| noi | abbiamo cifrato | we have encrypted |
| voi | avete cifrato | you (pl.) have encrypted |
| loro | hanno cifrato | they have encrypted |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo cifrato | I had encrypted |
| tu | avevi cifrato | you had encrypted |
| lui/lei | aveva cifrato | he/she/it had encrypted |
| noi | avevamo cifrato | we had encrypted |
| voi | avevate cifrato | you (pl.) had encrypted |
| loro | avevano cifrato | they had encrypted |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei cifrato |
| tu | avresti cifrato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe cifrato |
| noi | avremmo cifrato |
| voi | avreste cifrato |
| loro | avrebbero cifrato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò cifrato | I will have encrypted |
| tu | avrai cifrato | you will have encrypted |
| lui/lei | avrà cifrato | he/she/it will have encrypted |
| noi | avremo cifrato | we will have encrypted |
| voi | avrete cifrato | you (pl.) will have encrypted |
| loro | avranno cifrato | they will have encrypted |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | cifri |
| tu | cifri |
| lui/lei | cifri |
| noi | cifriamo |
| voi | cifriate |
| loro | cifrino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | cifrassi |
| tu | cifrassi |
| lui/lei | cifrasse |
| noi | cifrassimo |
| voi | cifraste |
| loro | cifrassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | cifra |
| lui/lei | cifri |
| noi | cifriamo |
| voi | cifrate |
| loro | cifrino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non cifrare |
| lui/lei | non cifri |
| noi | non cifriamo |
| voi | non cifrate |
| loro | non cifrino |