collaborare — Italian conjugation
to collaborate
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | collaboro | I collaborate |
| tu | collabori | you collaborate |
| lui/lei | collabora | he/she/it collaborates |
| noi | collaboriamo | we collaborate |
| voi | collaborate | you (pl.) collaborate |
| loro | collaborano | they collaborate |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | collaborai | I collaborated |
| tu | collaborasti | you collaborated |
| lui/lei | collaborò | he/she/it collaborated |
| noi | collaborammo | we collaborated |
| voi | collaboraste | you (pl.) collaborated |
| loro | collaborarono | they collaborated |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | collaboravo |
| tu | collaboravi |
| lui/lei | collaborava |
| noi | collaboravamo |
| voi | collaboravate |
| loro | collaboravano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | collaborerei | I would collaborate |
| tu | collaboreresti | you would collaborate |
| lui/lei | collaborerebbe | he/she/it would collaborate |
| noi | collaboreremmo | we would collaborate |
| voi | collaborereste | you (pl.) would collaborate |
| loro | collaborerebbero | they would collaborate |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | collaborerò | I will collaborate |
| tu | collaborerai | you will collaborate |
| lui/lei | collaborerà | he/she/it will collaborate |
| noi | collaboreremo | we will collaborate |
| voi | collaborerete | you (pl.) will collaborate |
| loro | collaboreranno | they will collaborate |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho collaborato | I have collaborated |
| tu | hai collaborato | you have collaborated |
| lui/lei | ha collaborato | he/she/it has collaborated |
| noi | abbiamo collaborato | we have collaborated |
| voi | avete collaborato | you (pl.) have collaborated |
| loro | hanno collaborato | they have collaborated |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo collaborato | I had collaborated |
| tu | avevi collaborato | you had collaborated |
| lui/lei | aveva collaborato | he/she/it had collaborated |
| noi | avevamo collaborato | we had collaborated |
| voi | avevate collaborato | you (pl.) had collaborated |
| loro | avevano collaborato | they had collaborated |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei collaborato |
| tu | avresti collaborato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe collaborato |
| noi | avremmo collaborato |
| voi | avreste collaborato |
| loro | avrebbero collaborato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò collaborato | I will have collaborated |
| tu | avrai collaborato | you will have collaborated |
| lui/lei | avrà collaborato | he/she/it will have collaborated |
| noi | avremo collaborato | we will have collaborated |
| voi | avrete collaborato | you (pl.) will have collaborated |
| loro | avranno collaborato | they will have collaborated |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | collabori |
| tu | collabori |
| lui/lei | collabori |
| noi | collaboriamo |
| voi | collaboriate |
| loro | collaborino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | collaborassi |
| tu | collaborassi |
| lui/lei | collaborasse |
| noi | collaborassimo |
| voi | collaboraste |
| loro | collaborassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | collabora |
| lui/lei | collabori |
| noi | collaboriamo |
| voi | collaborate |
| loro | collaborino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non collaborare |
| lui/lei | non collabori |
| noi | non collaboriamo |
| voi | non collaborate |
| loro | non collaborino |