colmare — Italian conjugation
to fill
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | colmo | I fill |
| tu | colmi | you fill |
| lui/lei | colma | he/she/it fills |
| noi | colmiamo | we fill |
| voi | colmate | you (pl.) fill |
| loro | colmano | they fill |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | colmai | I filled |
| tu | colmasti | you filled |
| lui/lei | colmò | he/she/it filled |
| noi | colmammo | we filled |
| voi | colmaste | you (pl.) filled |
| loro | colmarono | they filled |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | colmavo |
| tu | colmavi |
| lui/lei | colmava |
| noi | colmavamo |
| voi | colmavate |
| loro | colmavano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | colmerei | I would fill |
| tu | colmeresti | you would fill |
| lui/lei | colmerebbe | he/she/it would fill |
| noi | colmeremmo | we would fill |
| voi | colmereste | you (pl.) would fill |
| loro | colmerebbero | they would fill |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | colmerò | I will fill |
| tu | colmerai | you will fill |
| lui/lei | colmerà | he/she/it will fill |
| noi | colmeremo | we will fill |
| voi | colmerete | you (pl.) will fill |
| loro | colmeranno | they will fill |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho colmato | I have filled |
| tu | hai colmato | you have filled |
| lui/lei | ha colmato | he/she/it has filled |
| noi | abbiamo colmato | we have filled |
| voi | avete colmato | you (pl.) have filled |
| loro | hanno colmato | they have filled |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo colmato | I had filled |
| tu | avevi colmato | you had filled |
| lui/lei | aveva colmato | he/she/it had filled |
| noi | avevamo colmato | we had filled |
| voi | avevate colmato | you (pl.) had filled |
| loro | avevano colmato | they had filled |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei colmato |
| tu | avresti colmato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe colmato |
| noi | avremmo colmato |
| voi | avreste colmato |
| loro | avrebbero colmato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò colmato | I will have filled |
| tu | avrai colmato | you will have filled |
| lui/lei | avrà colmato | he/she/it will have filled |
| noi | avremo colmato | we will have filled |
| voi | avrete colmato | you (pl.) will have filled |
| loro | avranno colmato | they will have filled |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | colmi |
| tu | colmi |
| lui/lei | colmi |
| noi | colmiamo |
| voi | colmiate |
| loro | colmino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | colmassi |
| tu | colmassi |
| lui/lei | colmasse |
| noi | colmassimo |
| voi | colmaste |
| loro | colmassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | colma |
| lui/lei | colmi |
| noi | colmiamo |
| voi | colmate |
| loro | colmino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non colmare |
| lui/lei | non colmi |
| noi | non colmiamo |
| voi | non colmate |
| loro | non colmino |