complicare — Italian conjugation
to complicate
Indicative
Present (Presente) Irregular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | complico | I complicate |
| tu | complichi | you complicate |
| lui/lei | complica | he/she/it complicates |
| noi | complichiamo | we complicate |
| voi | complicate | you (pl.) complicate |
| loro | complicano | they complicate |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | complicai | I complicated |
| tu | complicasti | you complicated |
| lui/lei | complicò | he/she/it complicated |
| noi | complicammo | we complicated |
| voi | complicaste | you (pl.) complicated |
| loro | complicarono | they complicated |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | complicavo |
| tu | complicavi |
| lui/lei | complicava |
| noi | complicavamo |
| voi | complicavate |
| loro | complicavano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | complicherei | I would complicate |
| tu | complicheresti | you would complicate |
| lui/lei | complicherebbe | he/she/it would complicate |
| noi | complicheremmo | we would complicate |
| voi | complichereste | you (pl.) would complicate |
| loro | complicherebbero | they would complicate |
Future (Futuro semplice) Irregular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | complicherò | I will complicate |
| tu | complicherai | you will complicate |
| lui/lei | complicherà | he/she/it will complicate |
| noi | complicheremo | we will complicate |
| voi | complicherete | you (pl.) will complicate |
| loro | complicheranno | they will complicate |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho complicato | I have complicated |
| tu | hai complicato | you have complicated |
| lui/lei | ha complicato | he/she/it has complicated |
| noi | abbiamo complicato | we have complicated |
| voi | avete complicato | you (pl.) have complicated |
| loro | hanno complicato | they have complicated |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo complicato | I had complicated |
| tu | avevi complicato | you had complicated |
| lui/lei | aveva complicato | he/she/it had complicated |
| noi | avevamo complicato | we had complicated |
| voi | avevate complicato | you (pl.) had complicated |
| loro | avevano complicato | they had complicated |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei complicato |
| tu | avresti complicato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe complicato |
| noi | avremmo complicato |
| voi | avreste complicato |
| loro | avrebbero complicato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò complicato | I will have complicated |
| tu | avrai complicato | you will have complicated |
| lui/lei | avrà complicato | he/she/it will have complicated |
| noi | avremo complicato | we will have complicated |
| voi | avrete complicato | you (pl.) will have complicated |
| loro | avranno complicato | they will have complicated |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Irregular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | complichi |
| tu | complichi |
| lui/lei | complichi |
| noi | complichiamo |
| voi | complichiate |
| loro | complichino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | complicassi |
| tu | complicassi |
| lui/lei | complicasse |
| noi | complicassimo |
| voi | complicaste |
| loro | complicassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Irregular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | complica |
| lui/lei | complichi |
| noi | complichiamo |
| voi | complicate |
| loro | complichino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Irregular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non complicare |
| lui/lei | non complichi |
| noi | non complichiamo |
| voi | non complicate |
| loro | non complichino |