costringere — Italian conjugation

to force, to compel

Frequency#594Irregular

Indicative

Present (Presente) Regular

The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.

Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.

PronounItalianEnglish
iocostringoI force
tucostringiyou force
lui/leicostringehe/she/it forces
noicostringiamowe force
voicostringeteyou (pl.) force
lorocostringonothey force

Simple past (Passato remoto) Irregular

The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.

Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.

PronounItalianEnglish
iocostrinsiI forced
tucostringestiyou forced
lui/leicostrinsehe/she/it forced
noicostringemmowe forced
voicostringesteyou (pl.) forced
lorocostrinserothey forced

Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular

The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.

Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.

PronounItalian
iocostringevo
tucostringevi
lui/leicostringeva
noicostringevamo
voicostringevate
lorocostringevano

Conditional (Condizionale) Regular

The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.

Potresti alzare un poco la voce?

PronounItalianEnglish
iocostringereiI would force
tucostringerestiyou would force
lui/leicostringerebbehe/she/it would force
noicostringeremmowe would force
voicostringeresteyou (pl.) would force
lorocostringerebberothey would force

Future (Futuro semplice) Regular

The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.

Domani partiremo all'alba.

PronounItalianEnglish
iocostringeròI will force
tucostringeraiyou will force
lui/leicostringeràhe/she/it will force
noicostringeremowe will force
voicostringereteyou (pl.) will force
lorocostringerannothey will force

Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular

The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.

Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.

PronounItalianEnglish
ioho costrettoI have forced
tuhai costrettoyou have forced
lui/leiha costrettohe/she/it has forced
noiabbiamo costrettowe have forced
voiavete costrettoyou (pl.) have forced
lorohanno costrettothey have forced

Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular

The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.

Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.

PronounItalianEnglish
ioavevo costrettoI had forced
tuavevi costrettoyou had forced
lui/leiaveva costrettohe/she/it had forced
noiavevamo costrettowe had forced
voiavevate costrettoyou (pl.) had forced
loroavevano costrettothey had forced

Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular

The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.

Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.

PronounItalian
ioavrei costretto
tuavresti costretto
lui/leiavrebbe costretto
noiavremmo costretto
voiavreste costretto
loroavrebbero costretto

Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular

The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.

Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.

PronounItalianEnglish
ioavrò costrettoI will have forced
tuavrai costrettoyou will have forced
lui/leiavrà costrettohe/she/it will have forced
noiavremo costrettowe will have forced
voiavrete costrettoyou (pl.) will have forced
loroavranno costrettothey will have forced

Subjunctive

Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular

The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.

Penso che sia la scelta giusta.

PronounItalian
iocostringa
tucostringa
lui/leicostringa
noicostringiamo
voicostringiate
lorocostringano

Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular

The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.

Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.

PronounItalian
iocostringessi
tucostringessi
lui/leicostringesse
noicostringessimo
voicostringeste
lorocostringessero

Other forms

Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular

The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.

Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.

PronounItalian
tucostringi
lui/leicostringa
noicostringiamo
voicostringete
lorocostringano

Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular

Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.

Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.

PronounItalian
tunon costringere
lui/leinon costringa
noinon costringiamo
voinon costringete
loronon costringano