formulare — Italian conjugation
to formulate, to phrase
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | formulo | I formulate |
| tu | formuli | you formulate |
| lui/lei | formula | he/she/it formulates |
| noi | formuliamo | we formulate |
| voi | formulate | you (pl.) formulate |
| loro | formulano | they formulate |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | formulai | I formulated |
| tu | formulasti | you formulated |
| lui/lei | formulò | he/she/it formulated |
| noi | formulammo | we formulated |
| voi | formulaste | you (pl.) formulated |
| loro | formularono | they formulated |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | formulavo |
| tu | formulavi |
| lui/lei | formulava |
| noi | formulavamo |
| voi | formulavate |
| loro | formulavano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | formulerei | I would formulate |
| tu | formuleresti | you would formulate |
| lui/lei | formulerebbe | he/she/it would formulate |
| noi | formuleremmo | we would formulate |
| voi | formulereste | you (pl.) would formulate |
| loro | formulerebbero | they would formulate |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | formulerò | I will formulate |
| tu | formulerai | you will formulate |
| lui/lei | formulerà | he/she/it will formulate |
| noi | formuleremo | we will formulate |
| voi | formulerete | you (pl.) will formulate |
| loro | formuleranno | they will formulate |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho formulato | I have formulated |
| tu | hai formulato | you have formulated |
| lui/lei | ha formulato | he/she/it has formulated |
| noi | abbiamo formulato | we have formulated |
| voi | avete formulato | you (pl.) have formulated |
| loro | hanno formulato | they have formulated |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo formulato | I had formulated |
| tu | avevi formulato | you had formulated |
| lui/lei | aveva formulato | he/she/it had formulated |
| noi | avevamo formulato | we had formulated |
| voi | avevate formulato | you (pl.) had formulated |
| loro | avevano formulato | they had formulated |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei formulato |
| tu | avresti formulato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe formulato |
| noi | avremmo formulato |
| voi | avreste formulato |
| loro | avrebbero formulato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò formulato | I will have formulated |
| tu | avrai formulato | you will have formulated |
| lui/lei | avrà formulato | he/she/it will have formulated |
| noi | avremo formulato | we will have formulated |
| voi | avrete formulato | you (pl.) will have formulated |
| loro | avranno formulato | they will have formulated |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | formuli |
| tu | formuli |
| lui/lei | formuli |
| noi | formuliamo |
| voi | formuliate |
| loro | formulino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | formulassi |
| tu | formulassi |
| lui/lei | formulasse |
| noi | formulassimo |
| voi | formulaste |
| loro | formulassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | formula |
| lui/lei | formuli |
| noi | formuliamo |
| voi | formulate |
| loro | formulino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non formulare |
| lui/lei | non formuli |
| noi | non formuliamo |
| voi | non formulate |
| loro | non formulino |