inchiodare — Italian conjugation
to nail
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | inchiodo | I nail |
| tu | inchiodi | you nail |
| lui/lei | inchioda | he/she/it nails |
| noi | inchiodiamo | we nail |
| voi | inchiodate | you (pl.) nail |
| loro | inchiodano | they nail |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | inchiodai | I nailed |
| tu | inchiodasti | you nailed |
| lui/lei | inchiodò | he/she/it nailed |
| noi | inchiodammo | we nailed |
| voi | inchiodaste | you (pl.) nailed |
| loro | inchiodarono | they nailed |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | inchiodavo |
| tu | inchiodavi |
| lui/lei | inchiodava |
| noi | inchiodavamo |
| voi | inchiodavate |
| loro | inchiodavano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | inchioderei | I would nail |
| tu | inchioderesti | you would nail |
| lui/lei | inchioderebbe | he/she/it would nail |
| noi | inchioderemmo | we would nail |
| voi | inchiodereste | you (pl.) would nail |
| loro | inchioderebbero | they would nail |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | inchioderò | I will nail |
| tu | inchioderai | you will nail |
| lui/lei | inchioderà | he/she/it will nail |
| noi | inchioderemo | we will nail |
| voi | inchioderete | you (pl.) will nail |
| loro | inchioderanno | they will nail |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho inchiodato | I have nailed |
| tu | hai inchiodato | you have nailed |
| lui/lei | ha inchiodato | he/she/it has nailed |
| noi | abbiamo inchiodato | we have nailed |
| voi | avete inchiodato | you (pl.) have nailed |
| loro | hanno inchiodato | they have nailed |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo inchiodato | I had nailed |
| tu | avevi inchiodato | you had nailed |
| lui/lei | aveva inchiodato | he/she/it had nailed |
| noi | avevamo inchiodato | we had nailed |
| voi | avevate inchiodato | you (pl.) had nailed |
| loro | avevano inchiodato | they had nailed |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei inchiodato |
| tu | avresti inchiodato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe inchiodato |
| noi | avremmo inchiodato |
| voi | avreste inchiodato |
| loro | avrebbero inchiodato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò inchiodato | I will have nailed |
| tu | avrai inchiodato | you will have nailed |
| lui/lei | avrà inchiodato | he/she/it will have nailed |
| noi | avremo inchiodato | we will have nailed |
| voi | avrete inchiodato | you (pl.) will have nailed |
| loro | avranno inchiodato | they will have nailed |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | inchiodi |
| tu | inchiodi |
| lui/lei | inchiodi |
| noi | inchiodiamo |
| voi | inchiodiate |
| loro | inchiodino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | inchiodassi |
| tu | inchiodassi |
| lui/lei | inchiodasse |
| noi | inchiodassimo |
| voi | inchiodaste |
| loro | inchiodassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | inchioda |
| lui/lei | inchiodi |
| noi | inchiodiamo |
| voi | inchiodate |
| loro | inchiodino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non inchiodare |
| lui/lei | non inchiodi |
| noi | non inchiodiamo |
| voi | non inchiodate |
| loro | non inchiodino |