indicare — Italian conjugation
to indicate
Indicative
Present (Presente) Irregular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | indico | I indicate |
| tu | indichi | you indicate |
| lui/lei | indica | he/she/it indicates |
| noi | indichiamo | we indicate |
| voi | indicate | you (pl.) indicate |
| loro | indicano | they indicate |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | indicai | I indicated |
| tu | indicasti | you indicated |
| lui/lei | indicò | he/she/it indicated |
| noi | indicammo | we indicated |
| voi | indicaste | you (pl.) indicated |
| loro | indicarono | they indicated |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | indicavo |
| tu | indicavi |
| lui/lei | indicava |
| noi | indicavamo |
| voi | indicavate |
| loro | indicavano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | indicherei | I would indicate |
| tu | indicheresti | you would indicate |
| lui/lei | indicherebbe | he/she/it would indicate |
| noi | indicheremmo | we would indicate |
| voi | indichereste | you (pl.) would indicate |
| loro | indicherebbero | they would indicate |
Future (Futuro semplice) Irregular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | indicherò | I will indicate |
| tu | indicherai | you will indicate |
| lui/lei | indicherà | he/she/it will indicate |
| noi | indicheremo | we will indicate |
| voi | indicherete | you (pl.) will indicate |
| loro | indicheranno | they will indicate |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho indicato | I have indicated |
| tu | hai indicato | you have indicated |
| lui/lei | ha indicato | he/she/it has indicated |
| noi | abbiamo indicato | we have indicated |
| voi | avete indicato | you (pl.) have indicated |
| loro | hanno indicato | they have indicated |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo indicato | I had indicated |
| tu | avevi indicato | you had indicated |
| lui/lei | aveva indicato | he/she/it had indicated |
| noi | avevamo indicato | we had indicated |
| voi | avevate indicato | you (pl.) had indicated |
| loro | avevano indicato | they had indicated |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei indicato |
| tu | avresti indicato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe indicato |
| noi | avremmo indicato |
| voi | avreste indicato |
| loro | avrebbero indicato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò indicato | I will have indicated |
| tu | avrai indicato | you will have indicated |
| lui/lei | avrà indicato | he/she/it will have indicated |
| noi | avremo indicato | we will have indicated |
| voi | avrete indicato | you (pl.) will have indicated |
| loro | avranno indicato | they will have indicated |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Irregular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | indichi |
| tu | indichi |
| lui/lei | indichi |
| noi | indichiamo |
| voi | indichiate |
| loro | indichino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | indicassi |
| tu | indicassi |
| lui/lei | indicasse |
| noi | indicassimo |
| voi | indicaste |
| loro | indicassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Irregular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | indica |
| lui/lei | indichi |
| noi | indichiamo |
| voi | indicate |
| loro | indichino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Irregular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non indicare |
| lui/lei | non indichi |
| noi | non indichiamo |
| voi | non indicate |
| loro | non indichino |