irritare — Italian conjugation
to irritate
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | irrito | I irritate |
| tu | irriti | you irritate |
| lui/lei | irrita | he/she/it irritates |
| noi | irritiamo | we irritate |
| voi | irritate | you (pl.) irritate |
| loro | irritano | they irritate |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | irritai | I irritated |
| tu | irritasti | you irritated |
| lui/lei | irritò | he/she/it irritated |
| noi | irritammo | we irritated |
| voi | irritaste | you (pl.) irritated |
| loro | irritarono | they irritated |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | irritavo |
| tu | irritavi |
| lui/lei | irritava |
| noi | irritavamo |
| voi | irritavate |
| loro | irritavano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | irriterei | I would irritate |
| tu | irriteresti | you would irritate |
| lui/lei | irriterebbe | he/she/it would irritate |
| noi | irriteremmo | we would irritate |
| voi | irritereste | you (pl.) would irritate |
| loro | irriterebbero | they would irritate |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | irriterò | I will irritate |
| tu | irriterai | you will irritate |
| lui/lei | irriterà | he/she/it will irritate |
| noi | irriteremo | we will irritate |
| voi | irriterete | you (pl.) will irritate |
| loro | irriteranno | they will irritate |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho irritato | I have irritated |
| tu | hai irritato | you have irritated |
| lui/lei | ha irritato | he/she/it has irritated |
| noi | abbiamo irritato | we have irritated |
| voi | avete irritato | you (pl.) have irritated |
| loro | hanno irritato | they have irritated |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo irritato | I had irritated |
| tu | avevi irritato | you had irritated |
| lui/lei | aveva irritato | he/she/it had irritated |
| noi | avevamo irritato | we had irritated |
| voi | avevate irritato | you (pl.) had irritated |
| loro | avevano irritato | they had irritated |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei irritato |
| tu | avresti irritato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe irritato |
| noi | avremmo irritato |
| voi | avreste irritato |
| loro | avrebbero irritato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò irritato | I will have irritated |
| tu | avrai irritato | you will have irritated |
| lui/lei | avrà irritato | he/she/it will have irritated |
| noi | avremo irritato | we will have irritated |
| voi | avrete irritato | you (pl.) will have irritated |
| loro | avranno irritato | they will have irritated |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | irriti |
| tu | irriti |
| lui/lei | irriti |
| noi | irritiamo |
| voi | irritiate |
| loro | irritino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | irritassi |
| tu | irritassi |
| lui/lei | irritasse |
| noi | irritassimo |
| voi | irritaste |
| loro | irritassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | irrita |
| lui/lei | irriti |
| noi | irritiamo |
| voi | irritate |
| loro | irritino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non irritare |
| lui/lei | non irriti |
| noi | non irritiamo |
| voi | non irritate |
| loro | non irritino |