mungere — Italian conjugation
to milk
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | mungo | I milk |
| tu | mungi | you milk |
| lui/lei | munge | he/she/it milks |
| noi | mungiamo | we milk |
| voi | mungete | you (pl.) milk |
| loro | mungono | they milk |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Irregular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | munsi | I milked |
| tu | mungesti | you milked |
| lui/lei | munse | he/she/it milked |
| noi | mungemmo | we milked |
| voi | mungeste | you (pl.) milked |
| loro | munsero | they milked |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | mungevo |
| tu | mungevi |
| lui/lei | mungeva |
| noi | mungevamo |
| voi | mungevate |
| loro | mungevano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | mungerei | I would milk |
| tu | mungeresti | you would milk |
| lui/lei | mungerebbe | he/she/it would milk |
| noi | mungeremmo | we would milk |
| voi | mungereste | you (pl.) would milk |
| loro | mungerebbero | they would milk |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | mungerò | I will milk |
| tu | mungerai | you will milk |
| lui/lei | mungerà | he/she/it will milk |
| noi | mungeremo | we will milk |
| voi | mungerete | you (pl.) will milk |
| loro | mungeranno | they will milk |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho munto | I have milked |
| tu | hai munto | you have milked |
| lui/lei | ha munto | he/she/it has milked |
| noi | abbiamo munto | we have milked |
| voi | avete munto | you (pl.) have milked |
| loro | hanno munto | they have milked |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo munto | I had milked |
| tu | avevi munto | you had milked |
| lui/lei | aveva munto | he/she/it had milked |
| noi | avevamo munto | we had milked |
| voi | avevate munto | you (pl.) had milked |
| loro | avevano munto | they had milked |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei munto |
| tu | avresti munto |
| lui/lei | avrebbe munto |
| noi | avremmo munto |
| voi | avreste munto |
| loro | avrebbero munto |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò munto | I will have milked |
| tu | avrai munto | you will have milked |
| lui/lei | avrà munto | he/she/it will have milked |
| noi | avremo munto | we will have milked |
| voi | avrete munto | you (pl.) will have milked |
| loro | avranno munto | they will have milked |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | munga |
| tu | munga |
| lui/lei | munga |
| noi | mungiamo |
| voi | mungiate |
| loro | mungano |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | mungessi |
| tu | mungessi |
| lui/lei | mungesse |
| noi | mungessimo |
| voi | mungeste |
| loro | mungessero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | mungi |
| lui/lei | munga |
| noi | mungiamo |
| voi | mungete |
| loro | mungano |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non mungere |
| lui/lei | non munga |
| noi | non mungiamo |
| voi | non mungete |
| loro | non mungano |