perforare — Italian conjugation
to perforate
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | perforo | I perforate |
| tu | perfori | you perforate |
| lui/lei | perfora | he/she/it perforates |
| noi | perforiamo | we perforate |
| voi | perforate | you (pl.) perforate |
| loro | perforano | they perforate |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | perforai | I perforated |
| tu | perforasti | you perforated |
| lui/lei | perforò | he/she/it perforated |
| noi | perforammo | we perforated |
| voi | perforaste | you (pl.) perforated |
| loro | perforarono | they perforated |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | perforavo |
| tu | perforavi |
| lui/lei | perforava |
| noi | perforavamo |
| voi | perforavate |
| loro | perforavano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | perforerei | I would perforate |
| tu | perforeresti | you would perforate |
| lui/lei | perforerebbe | he/she/it would perforate |
| noi | perforeremmo | we would perforate |
| voi | perforereste | you (pl.) would perforate |
| loro | perforerebbero | they would perforate |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | perforerò | I will perforate |
| tu | perforerai | you will perforate |
| lui/lei | perforerà | he/she/it will perforate |
| noi | perforeremo | we will perforate |
| voi | perforerete | you (pl.) will perforate |
| loro | perforeranno | they will perforate |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho perforato | I have perforated |
| tu | hai perforato | you have perforated |
| lui/lei | ha perforato | he/she/it has perforated |
| noi | abbiamo perforato | we have perforated |
| voi | avete perforato | you (pl.) have perforated |
| loro | hanno perforato | they have perforated |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo perforato | I had perforated |
| tu | avevi perforato | you had perforated |
| lui/lei | aveva perforato | he/she/it had perforated |
| noi | avevamo perforato | we had perforated |
| voi | avevate perforato | you (pl.) had perforated |
| loro | avevano perforato | they had perforated |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei perforato |
| tu | avresti perforato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe perforato |
| noi | avremmo perforato |
| voi | avreste perforato |
| loro | avrebbero perforato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò perforato | I will have perforated |
| tu | avrai perforato | you will have perforated |
| lui/lei | avrà perforato | he/she/it will have perforated |
| noi | avremo perforato | we will have perforated |
| voi | avrete perforato | you (pl.) will have perforated |
| loro | avranno perforato | they will have perforated |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | perfori |
| tu | perfori |
| lui/lei | perfori |
| noi | perforiamo |
| voi | perforiate |
| loro | perforino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | perforassi |
| tu | perforassi |
| lui/lei | perforasse |
| noi | perforassimo |
| voi | perforaste |
| loro | perforassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | perfora |
| lui/lei | perfori |
| noi | perforiamo |
| voi | perforate |
| loro | perforino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non perforare |
| lui/lei | non perfori |
| noi | non perforiamo |
| voi | non perforate |
| loro | non perforino |