pestare — Italian conjugation
to stomp
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | pesto | I stomp |
| tu | pesti | you stomp |
| lui/lei | pesta | he/she/it stomps |
| noi | pestiamo | we stomp |
| voi | pestate | you (pl.) stomp |
| loro | pestano | they stomp |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | pestai | I stomped |
| tu | pestasti | you stomped |
| lui/lei | pestò | he/she/it stomped |
| noi | pestammo | we stomped |
| voi | pestaste | you (pl.) stomped |
| loro | pestarono | they stomped |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | pestavo |
| tu | pestavi |
| lui/lei | pestava |
| noi | pestavamo |
| voi | pestavate |
| loro | pestavano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | pesterei | I would stomp |
| tu | pesteresti | you would stomp |
| lui/lei | pesterebbe | he/she/it would stomp |
| noi | pesteremmo | we would stomp |
| voi | pestereste | you (pl.) would stomp |
| loro | pesterebbero | they would stomp |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | pesterò | I will stomp |
| tu | pesterai | you will stomp |
| lui/lei | pesterà | he/she/it will stomp |
| noi | pesteremo | we will stomp |
| voi | pesterete | you (pl.) will stomp |
| loro | pesteranno | they will stomp |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho pestato | I have stomped |
| tu | hai pestato | you have stomped |
| lui/lei | ha pestato | he/she/it has stomped |
| noi | abbiamo pestato | we have stomped |
| voi | avete pestato | you (pl.) have stomped |
| loro | hanno pestato | they have stomped |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo pestato | I had stomped |
| tu | avevi pestato | you had stomped |
| lui/lei | aveva pestato | he/she/it had stomped |
| noi | avevamo pestato | we had stomped |
| voi | avevate pestato | you (pl.) had stomped |
| loro | avevano pestato | they had stomped |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei pestato |
| tu | avresti pestato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe pestato |
| noi | avremmo pestato |
| voi | avreste pestato |
| loro | avrebbero pestato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò pestato | I will have stomped |
| tu | avrai pestato | you will have stomped |
| lui/lei | avrà pestato | he/she/it will have stomped |
| noi | avremo pestato | we will have stomped |
| voi | avrete pestato | you (pl.) will have stomped |
| loro | avranno pestato | they will have stomped |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | pesti |
| tu | pesti |
| lui/lei | pesti |
| noi | pestiamo |
| voi | pestiate |
| loro | pestino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | pestassi |
| tu | pestassi |
| lui/lei | pestasse |
| noi | pestassimo |
| voi | pestaste |
| loro | pestassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | pesta |
| lui/lei | pesti |
| noi | pestiamo |
| voi | pestate |
| loro | pestino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non pestare |
| lui/lei | non pesti |
| noi | non pestiamo |
| voi | non pestate |
| loro | non pestino |