rafforzare — Italian conjugation
to strengthen
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | rafforzo | I strengthen |
| tu | rafforzi | you strengthen |
| lui/lei | rafforza | he/she/it strengthens |
| noi | rafforziamo | we strengthen |
| voi | rafforzate | you (pl.) strengthen |
| loro | rafforzano | they strengthen |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | rafforzai | I strengthened |
| tu | rafforzasti | you strengthened |
| lui/lei | rafforzò | he/she/it strengthened |
| noi | rafforzammo | we strengthened |
| voi | rafforzaste | you (pl.) strengthened |
| loro | rafforzarono | they strengthened |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | rafforzavo |
| tu | rafforzavi |
| lui/lei | rafforzava |
| noi | rafforzavamo |
| voi | rafforzavate |
| loro | rafforzavano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | rafforzerei | I would strengthen |
| tu | rafforzeresti | you would strengthen |
| lui/lei | rafforzerebbe | he/she/it would strengthen |
| noi | rafforzeremmo | we would strengthen |
| voi | rafforzereste | you (pl.) would strengthen |
| loro | rafforzerebbero | they would strengthen |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | rafforzerò | I will strengthen |
| tu | rafforzerai | you will strengthen |
| lui/lei | rafforzerà | he/she/it will strengthen |
| noi | rafforzeremo | we will strengthen |
| voi | rafforzerete | you (pl.) will strengthen |
| loro | rafforzeranno | they will strengthen |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho rafforzato | I have strengthened |
| tu | hai rafforzato | you have strengthened |
| lui/lei | ha rafforzato | he/she/it has strengthened |
| noi | abbiamo rafforzato | we have strengthened |
| voi | avete rafforzato | you (pl.) have strengthened |
| loro | hanno rafforzato | they have strengthened |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo rafforzato | I had strengthened |
| tu | avevi rafforzato | you had strengthened |
| lui/lei | aveva rafforzato | he/she/it had strengthened |
| noi | avevamo rafforzato | we had strengthened |
| voi | avevate rafforzato | you (pl.) had strengthened |
| loro | avevano rafforzato | they had strengthened |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei rafforzato |
| tu | avresti rafforzato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe rafforzato |
| noi | avremmo rafforzato |
| voi | avreste rafforzato |
| loro | avrebbero rafforzato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò rafforzato | I will have strengthened |
| tu | avrai rafforzato | you will have strengthened |
| lui/lei | avrà rafforzato | he/she/it will have strengthened |
| noi | avremo rafforzato | we will have strengthened |
| voi | avrete rafforzato | you (pl.) will have strengthened |
| loro | avranno rafforzato | they will have strengthened |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | rafforzi |
| tu | rafforzi |
| lui/lei | rafforzi |
| noi | rafforziamo |
| voi | rafforziate |
| loro | rafforzino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | rafforzassi |
| tu | rafforzassi |
| lui/lei | rafforzasse |
| noi | rafforzassimo |
| voi | rafforzaste |
| loro | rafforzassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | rafforza |
| lui/lei | rafforzi |
| noi | rafforziamo |
| voi | rafforzate |
| loro | rafforzino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non rafforzare |
| lui/lei | non rafforzi |
| noi | non rafforziamo |
| voi | non rafforzate |
| loro | non rafforzino |