ratificare — Italian conjugation
to ratify
Indicative
Present (Presente) Irregular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ratifico | I ratify |
| tu | ratifichi | you ratify |
| lui/lei | ratifica | he/she/it ratifies |
| noi | ratifichiamo | we ratify |
| voi | ratificate | you (pl.) ratify |
| loro | ratificano | they ratify |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ratificai | I ratified |
| tu | ratificasti | you ratified |
| lui/lei | ratificò | he/she/it ratified |
| noi | ratificammo | we ratified |
| voi | ratificaste | you (pl.) ratified |
| loro | ratificarono | they ratified |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | ratificavo |
| tu | ratificavi |
| lui/lei | ratificava |
| noi | ratificavamo |
| voi | ratificavate |
| loro | ratificavano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ratificherei | I would ratify |
| tu | ratificheresti | you would ratify |
| lui/lei | ratificherebbe | he/she/it would ratify |
| noi | ratificheremmo | we would ratify |
| voi | ratifichereste | you (pl.) would ratify |
| loro | ratificherebbero | they would ratify |
Future (Futuro semplice) Irregular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ratificherò | I will ratify |
| tu | ratificherai | you will ratify |
| lui/lei | ratificherà | he/she/it will ratify |
| noi | ratificheremo | we will ratify |
| voi | ratificherete | you (pl.) will ratify |
| loro | ratificheranno | they will ratify |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho ratificato | I have ratified |
| tu | hai ratificato | you have ratified |
| lui/lei | ha ratificato | he/she/it has ratified |
| noi | abbiamo ratificato | we have ratified |
| voi | avete ratificato | you (pl.) have ratified |
| loro | hanno ratificato | they have ratified |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo ratificato | I had ratified |
| tu | avevi ratificato | you had ratified |
| lui/lei | aveva ratificato | he/she/it had ratified |
| noi | avevamo ratificato | we had ratified |
| voi | avevate ratificato | you (pl.) had ratified |
| loro | avevano ratificato | they had ratified |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei ratificato |
| tu | avresti ratificato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe ratificato |
| noi | avremmo ratificato |
| voi | avreste ratificato |
| loro | avrebbero ratificato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò ratificato | I will have ratified |
| tu | avrai ratificato | you will have ratified |
| lui/lei | avrà ratificato | he/she/it will have ratified |
| noi | avremo ratificato | we will have ratified |
| voi | avrete ratificato | you (pl.) will have ratified |
| loro | avranno ratificato | they will have ratified |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Irregular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | ratifichi |
| tu | ratifichi |
| lui/lei | ratifichi |
| noi | ratifichiamo |
| voi | ratifichiate |
| loro | ratifichino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | ratificassi |
| tu | ratificassi |
| lui/lei | ratificasse |
| noi | ratificassimo |
| voi | ratificaste |
| loro | ratificassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | ratifica |
| lui/lei | ratifichi |
| noi | ratifichiamo |
| voi | ratificate |
| loro | ratifichino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non ratificare |
| lui/lei | non ratifichi |
| noi | non ratifichiamo |
| voi | non ratificate |
| loro | non ratifichino |