riassumere — Italian conjugation
to summarise
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | riassumo | I summarise |
| tu | riassumi | you summarise |
| lui/lei | riassume | he/she/it summarises |
| noi | riassumiamo | we summarise |
| voi | riassumete | you (pl.) summarise |
| loro | riassumono | they summarise |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Irregular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | riassunsi | I summarised |
| tu | riassumesti | you summarised |
| lui/lei | riassunse | he/she/it summarised |
| noi | riassumemmo | we summarised |
| voi | riassumeste | you (pl.) summarised |
| loro | riassunsero | they summarised |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | riassumevo |
| tu | riassumevi |
| lui/lei | riassumeva |
| noi | riassumevamo |
| voi | riassumevate |
| loro | riassumevano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | riassumerei | I would summarise |
| tu | riassumeresti | you would summarise |
| lui/lei | riassumerebbe | he/she/it would summarise |
| noi | riassumeremmo | we would summarise |
| voi | riassumereste | you (pl.) would summarise |
| loro | riassumerebbero | they would summarise |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | riassumerò | I will summarise |
| tu | riassumerai | you will summarise |
| lui/lei | riassumerà | he/she/it will summarise |
| noi | riassumeremo | we will summarise |
| voi | riassumerete | you (pl.) will summarise |
| loro | riassumeranno | they will summarise |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho riassunto | I have summarised |
| tu | hai riassunto | you have summarised |
| lui/lei | ha riassunto | he/she/it has summarised |
| noi | abbiamo riassunto | we have summarised |
| voi | avete riassunto | you (pl.) have summarised |
| loro | hanno riassunto | they have summarised |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo riassunto | I had summarised |
| tu | avevi riassunto | you had summarised |
| lui/lei | aveva riassunto | he/she/it had summarised |
| noi | avevamo riassunto | we had summarised |
| voi | avevate riassunto | you (pl.) had summarised |
| loro | avevano riassunto | they had summarised |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei riassunto |
| tu | avresti riassunto |
| lui/lei | avrebbe riassunto |
| noi | avremmo riassunto |
| voi | avreste riassunto |
| loro | avrebbero riassunto |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò riassunto | I will have summarised |
| tu | avrai riassunto | you will have summarised |
| lui/lei | avrà riassunto | he/she/it will have summarised |
| noi | avremo riassunto | we will have summarised |
| voi | avrete riassunto | you (pl.) will have summarised |
| loro | avranno riassunto | they will have summarised |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | riassuma |
| tu | riassuma |
| lui/lei | riassuma |
| noi | riassumiamo |
| voi | riassumiate |
| loro | riassumano |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | riassumessi |
| tu | riassumessi |
| lui/lei | riassumesse |
| noi | riassumessimo |
| voi | riassumeste |
| loro | riassumessero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | riassumi |
| lui/lei | riassuma |
| noi | riassumiamo |
| voi | riassumete |
| loro | riassumano |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non riassumere |
| lui/lei | non riassuma |
| noi | non riassumiamo |
| voi | non riassumete |
| loro | non riassumano |