ridurre — Italian conjugation
to reduce
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | riduco | I reduce |
| tu | riduci | you reduce |
| lui/lei | riduce | he/she/it reduces |
| noi | riduciamo | we reduce |
| voi | riducete | you (pl.) reduce |
| loro | riducono | they reduce |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ridussi | I reduced |
| tu | riducesti | you reduced |
| lui/lei | ridusse | he/she/it reduced |
| noi | riducemmo | we reduced |
| voi | riduceste | you (pl.) reduced |
| loro | ridussero | they reduced |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | riducevo |
| tu | riducevi |
| lui/lei | riduceva |
| noi | riducevamo |
| voi | riducevate |
| loro | riducevano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ridurrei | I would reduce |
| tu | ridurresti | you would reduce |
| lui/lei | ridurrebbe | he/she/it would reduce |
| noi | ridurremmo | we would reduce |
| voi | ridurreste | you (pl.) would reduce |
| loro | ridurrebbero | they would reduce |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ridurrò | I will reduce |
| tu | ridurrai | you will reduce |
| lui/lei | ridurrà | he/she/it will reduce |
| noi | ridurremo | we will reduce |
| voi | ridurrete | you (pl.) will reduce |
| loro | ridurranno | they will reduce |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho ridotto | I have reduced |
| tu | hai ridotto | you have reduced |
| lui/lei | ha ridotto | he/she/it has reduced |
| noi | abbiamo ridotto | we have reduced |
| voi | avete ridotto | you (pl.) have reduced |
| loro | hanno ridotto | they have reduced |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo ridotto | I had reduced |
| tu | avevi ridotto | you had reduced |
| lui/lei | aveva ridotto | he/she/it had reduced |
| noi | avevamo ridotto | we had reduced |
| voi | avevate ridotto | you (pl.) had reduced |
| loro | avevano ridotto | they had reduced |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei ridotto |
| tu | avresti ridotto |
| lui/lei | avrebbe ridotto |
| noi | avremmo ridotto |
| voi | avreste ridotto |
| loro | avrebbero ridotto |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò ridotto | I will have reduced |
| tu | avrai ridotto | you will have reduced |
| lui/lei | avrà ridotto | he/she/it will have reduced |
| noi | avremo ridotto | we will have reduced |
| voi | avrete ridotto | you (pl.) will have reduced |
| loro | avranno ridotto | they will have reduced |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | riduca |
| tu | riduca |
| lui/lei | riduca |
| noi | riduciamo |
| voi | riduciate |
| loro | riducano |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | riducessi |
| tu | riducessi |
| lui/lei | riducesse |
| noi | riducessimo |
| voi | riduceste |
| loro | riducessero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | riduci |
| lui/lei | riduca |
| noi | riduciamo |
| voi | riducete |
| loro | riducano |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non ridurre |
| lui/lei | non riduca |
| noi | non riduciamo |
| voi | non riducete |
| loro | non riducano |