sabotare — Italian conjugation
to sabotage
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | saboto | I sabotage |
| tu | saboti | you sabotage |
| lui/lei | sabota | he/she/it sabotages |
| noi | sabotiamo | we sabotage |
| voi | sabotate | you (pl.) sabotage |
| loro | sabotano | they sabotage |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | sabotai | I sabotaged |
| tu | sabotasti | you sabotaged |
| lui/lei | sabotò | he/she/it sabotaged |
| noi | sabotammo | we sabotaged |
| voi | sabotaste | you (pl.) sabotaged |
| loro | sabotarono | they sabotaged |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | sabotavo |
| tu | sabotavi |
| lui/lei | sabotava |
| noi | sabotavamo |
| voi | sabotavate |
| loro | sabotavano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | saboterei | I would sabotage |
| tu | saboteresti | you would sabotage |
| lui/lei | saboterebbe | he/she/it would sabotage |
| noi | saboteremmo | we would sabotage |
| voi | sabotereste | you (pl.) would sabotage |
| loro | saboterebbero | they would sabotage |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | saboterò | I will sabotage |
| tu | saboterai | you will sabotage |
| lui/lei | saboterà | he/she/it will sabotage |
| noi | saboteremo | we will sabotage |
| voi | saboterete | you (pl.) will sabotage |
| loro | saboteranno | they will sabotage |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho sabotato | I have sabotaged |
| tu | hai sabotato | you have sabotaged |
| lui/lei | ha sabotato | he/she/it has sabotaged |
| noi | abbiamo sabotato | we have sabotaged |
| voi | avete sabotato | you (pl.) have sabotaged |
| loro | hanno sabotato | they have sabotaged |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo sabotato | I had sabotaged |
| tu | avevi sabotato | you had sabotaged |
| lui/lei | aveva sabotato | he/she/it had sabotaged |
| noi | avevamo sabotato | we had sabotaged |
| voi | avevate sabotato | you (pl.) had sabotaged |
| loro | avevano sabotato | they had sabotaged |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei sabotato |
| tu | avresti sabotato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe sabotato |
| noi | avremmo sabotato |
| voi | avreste sabotato |
| loro | avrebbero sabotato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò sabotato | I will have sabotaged |
| tu | avrai sabotato | you will have sabotaged |
| lui/lei | avrà sabotato | he/she/it will have sabotaged |
| noi | avremo sabotato | we will have sabotaged |
| voi | avrete sabotato | you (pl.) will have sabotaged |
| loro | avranno sabotato | they will have sabotaged |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | saboti |
| tu | saboti |
| lui/lei | saboti |
| noi | sabotiamo |
| voi | sabotiate |
| loro | sabotino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | sabotassi |
| tu | sabotassi |
| lui/lei | sabotasse |
| noi | sabotassimo |
| voi | sabotaste |
| loro | sabotassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | sabota |
| lui/lei | saboti |
| noi | sabotiamo |
| voi | sabotate |
| loro | sabotino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non sabotare |
| lui/lei | non saboti |
| noi | non sabotiamo |
| voi | non sabotate |
| loro | non sabotino |