scaldare — Italian conjugation
to heat
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | scaldo | I heat |
| tu | scaldi | you heat |
| lui/lei | scalda | he/she/it heats |
| noi | scaldiamo | we heat |
| voi | scaldate | you (pl.) heat |
| loro | scaldano | they heat |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | scaldai | I heated |
| tu | scaldasti | you heated |
| lui/lei | scaldò | he/she/it heated |
| noi | scaldammo | we heated |
| voi | scaldaste | you (pl.) heated |
| loro | scaldarono | they heated |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | scaldavo |
| tu | scaldavi |
| lui/lei | scaldava |
| noi | scaldavamo |
| voi | scaldavate |
| loro | scaldavano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | scalderei | I would heat |
| tu | scalderesti | you would heat |
| lui/lei | scalderebbe | he/she/it would heat |
| noi | scalderemmo | we would heat |
| voi | scaldereste | you (pl.) would heat |
| loro | scalderebbero | they would heat |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | scalderò | I will heat |
| tu | scalderai | you will heat |
| lui/lei | scalderà | he/she/it will heat |
| noi | scalderemo | we will heat |
| voi | scalderete | you (pl.) will heat |
| loro | scalderanno | they will heat |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho scaldato | I have heated |
| tu | hai scaldato | you have heated |
| lui/lei | ha scaldato | he/she/it has heated |
| noi | abbiamo scaldato | we have heated |
| voi | avete scaldato | you (pl.) have heated |
| loro | hanno scaldato | they have heated |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo scaldato | I had heated |
| tu | avevi scaldato | you had heated |
| lui/lei | aveva scaldato | he/she/it had heated |
| noi | avevamo scaldato | we had heated |
| voi | avevate scaldato | you (pl.) had heated |
| loro | avevano scaldato | they had heated |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei scaldato |
| tu | avresti scaldato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe scaldato |
| noi | avremmo scaldato |
| voi | avreste scaldato |
| loro | avrebbero scaldato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò scaldato | I will have heated |
| tu | avrai scaldato | you will have heated |
| lui/lei | avrà scaldato | he/she/it will have heated |
| noi | avremo scaldato | we will have heated |
| voi | avrete scaldato | you (pl.) will have heated |
| loro | avranno scaldato | they will have heated |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | scaldi |
| tu | scaldi |
| lui/lei | scaldi |
| noi | scaldiamo |
| voi | scaldiate |
| loro | scaldino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | scaldassi |
| tu | scaldassi |
| lui/lei | scaldasse |
| noi | scaldassimo |
| voi | scaldaste |
| loro | scaldassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | scalda |
| lui/lei | scaldi |
| noi | scaldiamo |
| voi | scaldate |
| loro | scaldino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non scaldare |
| lui/lei | non scaldi |
| noi | non scaldiamo |
| voi | non scaldate |
| loro | non scaldino |