scavalcare — Italian conjugation
to leap over
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | scavalco | I leap over |
| tu | scavalchi | you leap over |
| lui/lei | scavalca | he/she/it leaps over |
| noi | scavalchiamo | we leap over |
| voi | scavalcate | you (pl.) leap over |
| loro | scavalcano | they leap over |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | scavalcai | I leaped over |
| tu | scavalcasti | you leaped over |
| lui/lei | scavalcò | he/she/it leaped over |
| noi | scavalcammo | we leaped over |
| voi | scavalcaste | you (pl.) leaped over |
| loro | scavalcarono | they leaped over |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | scavalcavo |
| tu | scavalcavi |
| lui/lei | scavalcava |
| noi | scavalcavamo |
| voi | scavalcavate |
| loro | scavalcavano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | scavalcherei | I would leap over |
| tu | scavalcheresti | you would leap over |
| lui/lei | scavalcherebbe | he/she/it would leap over |
| noi | scavalcheremmo | we would leap over |
| voi | scavalchereste | you (pl.) would leap over |
| loro | scavalcherebbero | they would leap over |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | scavalcherò | I will leap over |
| tu | scavalcherai | you will leap over |
| lui/lei | scavalcherà | he/she/it will leap over |
| noi | scavalcheremo | we will leap over |
| voi | scavalcherete | you (pl.) will leap over |
| loro | scavalcheranno | they will leap over |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho scavalcato | I have leaped over |
| tu | hai scavalcato | you have leaped over |
| lui/lei | ha scavalcato | he/she/it has leaped over |
| noi | abbiamo scavalcato | we have leaped over |
| voi | avete scavalcato | you (pl.) have leaped over |
| loro | hanno scavalcato | they have leaped over |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo scavalcato | I had leaped over |
| tu | avevi scavalcato | you had leaped over |
| lui/lei | aveva scavalcato | he/she/it had leaped over |
| noi | avevamo scavalcato | we had leaped over |
| voi | avevate scavalcato | you (pl.) had leaped over |
| loro | avevano scavalcato | they had leaped over |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei scavalcato |
| tu | avresti scavalcato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe scavalcato |
| noi | avremmo scavalcato |
| voi | avreste scavalcato |
| loro | avrebbero scavalcato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò scavalcato | I will have leaped over |
| tu | avrai scavalcato | you will have leaped over |
| lui/lei | avrà scavalcato | he/she/it will have leaped over |
| noi | avremo scavalcato | we will have leaped over |
| voi | avrete scavalcato | you (pl.) will have leaped over |
| loro | avranno scavalcato | they will have leaped over |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | scavalchi |
| tu | scavalchi |
| lui/lei | scavalchi |
| noi | scavalchiamo |
| voi | scavalchiate |
| loro | scavalchino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | scavalcassi |
| tu | scavalcassi |
| lui/lei | scavalcasse |
| noi | scavalcassimo |
| voi | scavalcaste |
| loro | scavalcassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | scavalca |
| lui/lei | scavalchi |
| noi | scavalchiamo |
| voi | scavalcate |
| loro | scavalchino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non scavalcare |
| lui/lei | non scavalchi |
| noi | non scavalchiamo |
| voi | non scavalcate |
| loro | non scavalchino |