sconvolgere — Italian conjugation
to upset
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | sconvolgo | I upset |
| tu | sconvolgi | you upset |
| lui/lei | sconvolge | he/she/it upsets |
| noi | sconvolgiamo | we upset |
| voi | sconvolgete | you (pl.) upset |
| loro | sconvolgono | they upset |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | sconvolsi | I upset |
| tu | sconvolgesti | you upset |
| lui/lei | sconvolse | he/she/it upset |
| noi | sconvolgemmo | we upset |
| voi | sconvolgeste | you (pl.) upset |
| loro | sconvolsero | they upset |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | sconvolgevo |
| tu | sconvolgevi |
| lui/lei | sconvolgeva |
| noi | sconvolgevamo |
| voi | sconvolgevate |
| loro | sconvolgevano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | sconvolgerei | I would upset |
| tu | sconvolgeresti | you would upset |
| lui/lei | sconvolgerebbe | he/she/it would upset |
| noi | sconvolgeremmo | we would upset |
| voi | sconvolgereste | you (pl.) would upset |
| loro | sconvolgerebbero | they would upset |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | sconvolgerò | I will upset |
| tu | sconvolgerai | you will upset |
| lui/lei | sconvolgerà | he/she/it will upset |
| noi | sconvolgeremo | we will upset |
| voi | sconvolgerete | you (pl.) will upset |
| loro | sconvolgeranno | they will upset |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho sconvolto | I have upset |
| tu | hai sconvolto | you have upset |
| lui/lei | ha sconvolto | he/she/it has upset |
| noi | abbiamo sconvolto | we have upset |
| voi | avete sconvolto | you (pl.) have upset |
| loro | hanno sconvolto | they have upset |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo sconvolto | I had upset |
| tu | avevi sconvolto | you had upset |
| lui/lei | aveva sconvolto | he/she/it had upset |
| noi | avevamo sconvolto | we had upset |
| voi | avevate sconvolto | you (pl.) had upset |
| loro | avevano sconvolto | they had upset |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei sconvolto |
| tu | avresti sconvolto |
| lui/lei | avrebbe sconvolto |
| noi | avremmo sconvolto |
| voi | avreste sconvolto |
| loro | avrebbero sconvolto |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò sconvolto | I will have upset |
| tu | avrai sconvolto | you will have upset |
| lui/lei | avrà sconvolto | he/she/it will have upset |
| noi | avremo sconvolto | we will have upset |
| voi | avrete sconvolto | you (pl.) will have upset |
| loro | avranno sconvolto | they will have upset |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | sconvolga |
| tu | sconvolga |
| lui/lei | sconvolga |
| noi | sconvolgiamo |
| voi | sconvolgiate |
| loro | sconvolgano |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | sconvolgessi |
| tu | sconvolgessi |
| lui/lei | sconvolgesse |
| noi | sconvolgessimo |
| voi | sconvolgeste |
| loro | sconvolgessero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | sconvolgi |
| lui/lei | sconvolga |
| noi | sconvolgiamo |
| voi | sconvolgete |
| loro | sconvolgano |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non sconvolgere |
| lui/lei | non sconvolga |
| noi | non sconvolgiamo |
| voi | non sconvolgete |
| loro | non sconvolgano |