sfidare — Italian conjugation

to challenge

Frequency#626Regular

Indicative

Present (Presente) Regular

The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.

Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.

PronounItalianEnglish
iosfidoI challenge
tusfidiyou challenge
lui/leisfidahe/she/it challenges
noisfidiamowe challenge
voisfidateyou (pl.) challenge
lorosfidanothey challenge

Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular

The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.

Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.

PronounItalianEnglish
iosfidaiI challenged
tusfidastiyou challenged
lui/leisfidòhe/she/it challenged
noisfidammowe challenged
voisfidasteyou (pl.) challenged
lorosfidaronothey challenged

Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular

The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.

Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.

PronounItalian
iosfidavo
tusfidavi
lui/leisfidava
noisfidavamo
voisfidavate
lorosfidavano

Conditional (Condizionale) Regular

The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.

Potresti alzare un poco la voce?

PronounItalianEnglish
iosfidereiI would challenge
tusfiderestiyou would challenge
lui/leisfiderebbehe/she/it would challenge
noisfideremmowe would challenge
voisfideresteyou (pl.) would challenge
lorosfiderebberothey would challenge

Future (Futuro semplice) Regular

The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.

Domani partiremo all'alba.

PronounItalianEnglish
iosfideròI will challenge
tusfideraiyou will challenge
lui/leisfideràhe/she/it will challenge
noisfideremowe will challenge
voisfidereteyou (pl.) will challenge
lorosfiderannothey will challenge

Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular

The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.

Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.

PronounItalianEnglish
ioho sfidatoI have challenged
tuhai sfidatoyou have challenged
lui/leiha sfidatohe/she/it has challenged
noiabbiamo sfidatowe have challenged
voiavete sfidatoyou (pl.) have challenged
lorohanno sfidatothey have challenged

Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular

The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.

Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.

PronounItalianEnglish
ioavevo sfidatoI had challenged
tuavevi sfidatoyou had challenged
lui/leiaveva sfidatohe/she/it had challenged
noiavevamo sfidatowe had challenged
voiavevate sfidatoyou (pl.) had challenged
loroavevano sfidatothey had challenged

Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular

The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.

Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.

PronounItalian
ioavrei sfidato
tuavresti sfidato
lui/leiavrebbe sfidato
noiavremmo sfidato
voiavreste sfidato
loroavrebbero sfidato

Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular

The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.

Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.

PronounItalianEnglish
ioavrò sfidatoI will have challenged
tuavrai sfidatoyou will have challenged
lui/leiavrà sfidatohe/she/it will have challenged
noiavremo sfidatowe will have challenged
voiavrete sfidatoyou (pl.) will have challenged
loroavranno sfidatothey will have challenged

Subjunctive

Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular

The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.

Penso che sia la scelta giusta.

PronounItalian
iosfidi
tusfidi
lui/leisfidi
noisfidiamo
voisfidiate
lorosfidino

Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular

The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.

Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.

PronounItalian
iosfidassi
tusfidassi
lui/leisfidasse
noisfidassimo
voisfidaste
lorosfidassero

Other forms

Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular

The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.

Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.

PronounItalian
tusfida
lui/leisfidi
noisfidiamo
voisfidate
lorosfidino

Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular

Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.

Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.

PronounItalian
tunon sfidare
lui/leinon sfidi
noinon sfidiamo
voinon sfidate
loronon sfidino