sfruttare — Italian conjugation

to exploit

Frequency#509Regular

Indicative

Present (Presente) Regular

The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.

Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.

PronounItalianEnglish
iosfruttoI exploit
tusfruttiyou exploit
lui/leisfruttahe/she/it exploits
noisfruttiamowe exploit
voisfruttateyou (pl.) exploit
lorosfruttanothey exploit

Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular

The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.

Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.

PronounItalianEnglish
iosfruttaiI exploited
tusfruttastiyou exploited
lui/leisfruttòhe/she/it exploited
noisfruttammowe exploited
voisfruttasteyou (pl.) exploited
lorosfruttaronothey exploited

Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular

The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.

Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.

PronounItalian
iosfruttavo
tusfruttavi
lui/leisfruttava
noisfruttavamo
voisfruttavate
lorosfruttavano

Conditional (Condizionale) Regular

The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.

Potresti alzare un poco la voce?

PronounItalianEnglish
iosfruttereiI would exploit
tusfrutterestiyou would exploit
lui/leisfrutterebbehe/she/it would exploit
noisfrutteremmowe would exploit
voisfrutteresteyou (pl.) would exploit
lorosfrutterebberothey would exploit

Future (Futuro semplice) Regular

The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.

Domani partiremo all'alba.

PronounItalianEnglish
iosfrutteròI will exploit
tusfrutteraiyou will exploit
lui/leisfrutteràhe/she/it will exploit
noisfrutteremowe will exploit
voisfruttereteyou (pl.) will exploit
lorosfrutterannothey will exploit

Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular

The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.

Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.

PronounItalianEnglish
ioho sfruttatoI have exploited
tuhai sfruttatoyou have exploited
lui/leiha sfruttatohe/she/it has exploited
noiabbiamo sfruttatowe have exploited
voiavete sfruttatoyou (pl.) have exploited
lorohanno sfruttatothey have exploited

Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular

The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.

Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.

PronounItalianEnglish
ioavevo sfruttatoI had exploited
tuavevi sfruttatoyou had exploited
lui/leiaveva sfruttatohe/she/it had exploited
noiavevamo sfruttatowe had exploited
voiavevate sfruttatoyou (pl.) had exploited
loroavevano sfruttatothey had exploited

Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular

The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.

Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.

PronounItalian
ioavrei sfruttato
tuavresti sfruttato
lui/leiavrebbe sfruttato
noiavremmo sfruttato
voiavreste sfruttato
loroavrebbero sfruttato

Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular

The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.

Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.

PronounItalianEnglish
ioavrò sfruttatoI will have exploited
tuavrai sfruttatoyou will have exploited
lui/leiavrà sfruttatohe/she/it will have exploited
noiavremo sfruttatowe will have exploited
voiavrete sfruttatoyou (pl.) will have exploited
loroavranno sfruttatothey will have exploited

Subjunctive

Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular

The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.

Penso che sia la scelta giusta.

PronounItalian
iosfrutti
tusfrutti
lui/leisfrutti
noisfruttiamo
voisfruttiate
lorosfruttino

Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular

The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.

Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.

PronounItalian
iosfruttassi
tusfruttassi
lui/leisfruttasse
noisfruttassimo
voisfruttaste
lorosfruttassero

Other forms

Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular

The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.

Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.

PronounItalian
tusfrutta
lui/leisfrutti
noisfruttiamo
voisfruttate
lorosfruttino

Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular

Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.

Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.

PronounItalian
tunon sfruttare
lui/leinon sfrutti
noinon sfruttiamo
voinon sfruttate
loronon sfruttino