sorgere — Italian conjugation

to rise

Frequency#569IrregularAuxiliaryessere

Indicative

Present (Presente) Regular

The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.

Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.

PronounItalianEnglish
iosorgoI rise
tusorgiyou rise
lui/leisorgehe/she/it rises
noisorgiamowe rise
voisorgeteyou (pl.) rise
lorosorgonothey rise

Simple past (Passato remoto) Irregular

The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.

Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.

PronounItalianEnglish
iosorsiI rose
tusorgestiyou rose
lui/leisorsehe/she/it rose
noisorgemmowe rose
voisorgesteyou (pl.) rose
lorosorserothey rose

Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular

The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.

Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.

PronounItalian
iosorgevo
tusorgevi
lui/leisorgeva
noisorgevamo
voisorgevate
lorosorgevano

Conditional (Condizionale) Regular

The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.

Potresti alzare un poco la voce?

PronounItalianEnglish
iosorgereiI would rise
tusorgerestiyou would rise
lui/leisorgerebbehe/she/it would rise
noisorgeremmowe would rise
voisorgeresteyou (pl.) would rise
lorosorgerebberothey would rise

Future (Futuro semplice) Regular

The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.

Domani partiremo all'alba.

PronounItalianEnglish
iosorgeròI will rise
tusorgeraiyou will rise
lui/leisorgeràhe/she/it will rise
noisorgeremowe will rise
voisorgereteyou (pl.) will rise
lorosorgerannothey will rise

Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular

The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.

Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.

PronounItalianEnglish
iosono sorto/aI have risen
tusei sorto/ayou have risen
lui/leiè sorto/ahe/she/it has risen
noisiamo sorti/ewe have risen
voisiete sorti/eyou (pl.) have risen
lorosono sorti/ethey have risen

Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular

The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.

Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.

PronounItalianEnglish
ioero sorto/aI had risen
tueri sorto/ayou had risen
lui/leiera sorto/ahe/she/it had risen
noieravamo sorti/ewe had risen
voieravate sorti/eyou (pl.) had risen
loroerano sorti/ethey had risen

Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular

The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.

Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.

PronounItalian
iosarei sorto/a
tusaresti sorto/a
lui/leisarebbe sorto/a
noisaremmo sorti/e
voisareste sorti/e
lorosarebbero sorti/e

Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular

The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.

Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.

PronounItalianEnglish
iosarò sorto/aI will have risen
tusarai sorto/ayou will have risen
lui/leisarà sorto/ahe/she/it will have risen
noisaremo sorti/ewe will have risen
voisarete sorti/eyou (pl.) will have risen
lorosaranno sorti/ethey will have risen

Subjunctive

Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular

The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.

Penso che sia la scelta giusta.

PronounItalian
iosorga
tusorga
lui/leisorga
noisorgiamo
voisorgiate
lorosorgano

Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular

The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.

Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.

PronounItalian
iosorgessi
tusorgessi
lui/leisorgesse
noisorgessimo
voisorgeste
lorosorgessero

Other forms

Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular

The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.

Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.

PronounItalian
tusorgi
lui/leisorga
noisorgiamo
voisorgete
lorosorgano

Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular

Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.

Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.

PronounItalian
tunon sorgere
lui/leinon sorga
noinon sorgiamo
voinon sorgete
loronon sorgano