turbare — Italian conjugation
to disturb, to trouble, to haunt
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | turbo | I disturb |
| tu | turbi | you disturb |
| lui/lei | turba | he/she/it disturbs |
| noi | turbiamo | we disturb |
| voi | turbate | you (pl.) disturb |
| loro | turbano | they disturb |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | turbai | I disturbed |
| tu | turbasti | you disturbed |
| lui/lei | turbò | he/she/it disturbed |
| noi | turbammo | we disturbed |
| voi | turbaste | you (pl.) disturbed |
| loro | turbarono | they disturbed |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | turbavo |
| tu | turbavi |
| lui/lei | turbava |
| noi | turbavamo |
| voi | turbavate |
| loro | turbavano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | turberei | I would disturb |
| tu | turberesti | you would disturb |
| lui/lei | turberebbe | he/she/it would disturb |
| noi | turberemmo | we would disturb |
| voi | turbereste | you (pl.) would disturb |
| loro | turberebbero | they would disturb |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | turberò | I will disturb |
| tu | turberai | you will disturb |
| lui/lei | turberà | he/she/it will disturb |
| noi | turberemo | we will disturb |
| voi | turberete | you (pl.) will disturb |
| loro | turberanno | they will disturb |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho turbato | I have disturbed |
| tu | hai turbato | you have disturbed |
| lui/lei | ha turbato | he/she/it has disturbed |
| noi | abbiamo turbato | we have disturbed |
| voi | avete turbato | you (pl.) have disturbed |
| loro | hanno turbato | they have disturbed |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo turbato | I had disturbed |
| tu | avevi turbato | you had disturbed |
| lui/lei | aveva turbato | he/she/it had disturbed |
| noi | avevamo turbato | we had disturbed |
| voi | avevate turbato | you (pl.) had disturbed |
| loro | avevano turbato | they had disturbed |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei turbato |
| tu | avresti turbato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe turbato |
| noi | avremmo turbato |
| voi | avreste turbato |
| loro | avrebbero turbato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò turbato | I will have disturbed |
| tu | avrai turbato | you will have disturbed |
| lui/lei | avrà turbato | he/she/it will have disturbed |
| noi | avremo turbato | we will have disturbed |
| voi | avrete turbato | you (pl.) will have disturbed |
| loro | avranno turbato | they will have disturbed |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | turbi |
| tu | turbi |
| lui/lei | turbi |
| noi | turbiamo |
| voi | turbiate |
| loro | turbino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | turbassi |
| tu | turbassi |
| lui/lei | turbasse |
| noi | turbassimo |
| voi | turbaste |
| loro | turbassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | turba |
| lui/lei | turbi |
| noi | turbiamo |
| voi | turbate |
| loro | turbino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non turbare |
| lui/lei | non turbi |
| noi | non turbiamo |
| voi | non turbate |
| loro | non turbino |