afectar — Portuguese conjugation

to affect (pre-reform spelling of afetar)

Frequency#384Irregular

Indicative

Present (Presente) Regular

The presente covers routines, states, and immediate future with adverbs like hoje or amanhã. One present form covers both English simple and progressive readings in most situations.

Ela estuda português todas as noites.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euafectoI affect
tuafectasyou affect
vocêafectayou affect
ele/elaafectahe/she/it affects
nósafectamoswe affect
vósafectaisyou (pl.) affect
vocêsafectamyou (pl.) affect
eles/elasafectamthey affect

Preterite (Pretérito perfeito simples) Irregular

The pretérito perfeito simples is a sharp, completed past. In European Portuguese it is the standard story-telling past; Brazilian usage often prefers the compound form in speech while keeping the simple for narrative and writing.

Ontem escreveu a carta inteira de uma vez.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euafecteiI affected
tuafectasteyou affected
vocêafectouyou affected
ele/elaafectouhe/she/it affected
nósafectamoswe affected
vósafectastesyou (pl.) affected
vocêsafectaramyou (pl.) affected
eles/elasafectaramthey affected

Imperfect (Pretérito imperfeito) Regular

The imperfeito describes past background, repeated actions, and how things used to be. Contrast it with the simple preterite for the “main event” line of a story.

Quando era criança, brincava na praia.

PronounPortuguese
euafectava
tuafectavas
vocêafectava
ele/elaafectava
nósafectávamos
vósafectáveis
vocêsafectavam
eles/elasafectavam

Conditional (Condicional) Regular

The condicional is for polite offers, soft questions, and hypothetical “would” outcomes, and it often closes a se + imperfeito do subjuntivo chain in formal style.

Você poderia me explicar outra vez?

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euafectariaI would affect
tuafectariasyou would affect
vocêafectariayou would affect
ele/elaafectariahe/she/it would affect
nósafectaríamoswe would affect
vósafectaríeisyou (pl.) would affect
vocêsafectariamyou (pl.) would affect
eles/elasafectariamthey would affect

Future (Futuro do presente) Regular

The futuro do presente states future facts; in everyday conversation you will often hear ir + infinitive or even the present with a time adverb instead of the synthetic future.

Amanhã faremos a reunião mais cedo.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euafectareiI will affect
tuafectarásyou will affect
vocêafectaráyou will affect
ele/elaafectaráhe/she/it will affect
nósafectaremoswe will affect
vósafectareisyou (pl.) will affect
vocêsafectarãoyou (pl.) will affect
eles/elasafectarãothey will affect

Present perfect (Pretérito perfeito composto) Regular

The pretérito perfeito composto uses ter or haver plus the participle for a past that still touches the present or happens repeatedly up to now — a “have done” perfect with strong links to European norms.

Tenho pensado nisso há semanas.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
eutenho afectadoI have affected
tutens afectadoyou have affected
vocêtem afectadoyou have affected
ele/elatem afectadohe/she/it has affected
nóstemos afectadowe have affected
vóstendes afectadoyou (pl.) have affected
vocêstêm afectadoyou (pl.) have affected
eles/elastêm afectadothey have affected

Pluperfect (Mais-que-perfeito composto) Regular

The mais-que-perfeito composto is the pluperfect: an action was already finished before another past reference. It mirrors the English “had already”.

Já tinham saído quando chegámos.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
eutinha afectadoI had affected
tutinhas afectadoyou had affected
vocêtinha afectadoyou had affected
ele/elatinha afectadohe/she/it had affected
nóstínhamos afectadowe had affected
vóstínheis afectadoyou (pl.) had affected
vocêstinham afectadoyou (pl.) had affected
eles/elastinham afectadothey had affected

Conditional perfect (Condicional composto) Regular

The condicional composto expresses a counterfactual “would have” and appears with the right kind of if-clause in the subjunctive past for unreal conditions.

Teria aceite se tiveses avisado com antecedência.

PronounPortuguese
euteria afectado
tuterias afectado
vocêteria afectado
ele/elateria afectado
nósteríamos afectado
vósteríeis afectado
vocêsteriam afectado
eles/elasteriam afectado

Future perfect (Futuro composto) Regular

The futuro composto is the future-in-the-future: something will be finished before a later time. It is less frequent than the simple future but still useful for deadlines.

Até sexta, teremos lido tudo o relatório.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euterei afectadoI will have affected
tuterás afectadoyou will have affected
vocêterá afectadoyou will have affected
ele/elaterá afectadohe/she/it will have affected
nósteremos afectadowe will have affected
vóstereis afectadoyou (pl.) will have affected
vocêsterão afectadoyou (pl.) will have affected
eles/elasterão afectadothey will have affected

Subjunctive

Present subjunctive (Conjuntivo presente) Regular

The present subjunctive appears after want, hope, fear, and impersonal triggers, and typically requires a new subject in the subordinate clause, just as in the other main Romance languages.

Espero que encontres o caminho fácil.

PronounPortuguese
euafecte
tuafectes
vocêafecte
ele/elaafecte
nósafectemos
vósafecteis
vocêsafectem
eles/elasafectem

Imperfect subjunctive (Conjuntivo pretérito imperf.) Regular

The imperfect subjunctive in se + subjunctive → condicional is the classic “if I were a rich man” line in European Portuguese, parallel to the Spanish -ra form.

Se tivesse mais tempo, aprenderia outro idioma.

PronounPortuguese
euafectasse
tuafectasses
vocêafectasse
ele/elaafectasse
nósafectássemos
vósafectásseis
vocêsafectassem
eles/elasafectassem

Other forms

Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo afirmativo) Regular

The affirmative imperative in Portuguese is built with tu, você, nós, vós, and vocês forms; Brazilian norms favour você/vocês with third-person present verb shapes.

Diga a verdade, por favor.

PronounPortuguese
tuafecta
vocêafecte
ele/elaafecte
nósafectemos
vósafectai
vocêsafectem
eles/elasafectem

Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular

Negative commands require não plus the present subjunctive for each person, which is a distinctive feature compared to other Romance systems that reuse present indicative in some slots.

Não falemos com pressa, está tudo calmo.

PronounPortuguese
tunão afectes
vocênão afecte
ele/elanão afecte
nósnão afectemos
vósnão afecteis
vocêsnão afectem
eles/elasnão afectem