afetar — Portuguese conjugation

to affect (influence, alter)

Frequency#209Irregular

Indicative

Present (Presente) Regular

The presente covers routines, states, and immediate future with adverbs like hoje or amanhã. One present form covers both English simple and progressive readings in most situations.

Ela estuda português todas as noites.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euafetoI affect
tuafetasyou affect
vocêafetayou affect
ele/elaafetahe/she/it affects
nósafetamoswe affect
vósafetaisyou (pl.) affect
vocêsafetamyou (pl.) affect
eles/elasafetamthey affect

Preterite (Pretérito perfeito simples) Irregular

The pretérito perfeito simples is a sharp, completed past. In European Portuguese it is the standard story-telling past; Brazilian usage often prefers the compound form in speech while keeping the simple for narrative and writing.

Ontem escreveu a carta inteira de uma vez.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euafeteiI affected
tuafetasteyou affected
vocêafetouyou affected
ele/elaafetouhe/she/it affected
nósafetamoswe affected
vósafetastesyou (pl.) affected
vocêsafetaramyou (pl.) affected
eles/elasafetaramthey affected

Imperfect (Pretérito imperfeito) Regular

The imperfeito describes past background, repeated actions, and how things used to be. Contrast it with the simple preterite for the “main event” line of a story.

Quando era criança, brincava na praia.

PronounPortuguese
euafetava
tuafetavas
vocêafetava
ele/elaafetava
nósafetávamos
vósafetáveis
vocêsafetavam
eles/elasafetavam

Conditional (Condicional) Regular

The condicional is for polite offers, soft questions, and hypothetical “would” outcomes, and it often closes a se + imperfeito do subjuntivo chain in formal style.

Você poderia me explicar outra vez?

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euafetariaI would affect
tuafetariasyou would affect
vocêafetariayou would affect
ele/elaafetariahe/she/it would affect
nósafetaríamoswe would affect
vósafetaríeisyou (pl.) would affect
vocêsafetariamyou (pl.) would affect
eles/elasafetariamthey would affect

Future (Futuro do presente) Regular

The futuro do presente states future facts; in everyday conversation you will often hear ir + infinitive or even the present with a time adverb instead of the synthetic future.

Amanhã faremos a reunião mais cedo.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euafetareiI will affect
tuafetarásyou will affect
vocêafetaráyou will affect
ele/elaafetaráhe/she/it will affect
nósafetaremoswe will affect
vósafetareisyou (pl.) will affect
vocêsafetarãoyou (pl.) will affect
eles/elasafetarãothey will affect

Present perfect (Pretérito perfeito composto) Regular

The pretérito perfeito composto uses ter or haver plus the participle for a past that still touches the present or happens repeatedly up to now — a “have done” perfect with strong links to European norms.

Tenho pensado nisso há semanas.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
eutenho afetadoI have affected
tutens afetadoyou have affected
vocêtem afetadoyou have affected
ele/elatem afetadohe/she/it has affected
nóstemos afetadowe have affected
vóstendes afetadoyou (pl.) have affected
vocêstêm afetadoyou (pl.) have affected
eles/elastêm afetadothey have affected

Pluperfect (Mais-que-perfeito composto) Regular

The mais-que-perfeito composto is the pluperfect: an action was already finished before another past reference. It mirrors the English “had already”.

Já tinham saído quando chegámos.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
eutinha afetadoI had affected
tutinhas afetadoyou had affected
vocêtinha afetadoyou had affected
ele/elatinha afetadohe/she/it had affected
nóstínhamos afetadowe had affected
vóstínheis afetadoyou (pl.) had affected
vocêstinham afetadoyou (pl.) had affected
eles/elastinham afetadothey had affected

Conditional perfect (Condicional composto) Regular

The condicional composto expresses a counterfactual “would have” and appears with the right kind of if-clause in the subjunctive past for unreal conditions.

Teria aceite se tiveses avisado com antecedência.

PronounPortuguese
euteria afetado
tuterias afetado
vocêteria afetado
ele/elateria afetado
nósteríamos afetado
vósteríeis afetado
vocêsteriam afetado
eles/elasteriam afetado

Future perfect (Futuro composto) Regular

The futuro composto is the future-in-the-future: something will be finished before a later time. It is less frequent than the simple future but still useful for deadlines.

Até sexta, teremos lido tudo o relatório.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euterei afetadoI will have affected
tuterás afetadoyou will have affected
vocêterá afetadoyou will have affected
ele/elaterá afetadohe/she/it will have affected
nósteremos afetadowe will have affected
vóstereis afetadoyou (pl.) will have affected
vocêsterão afetadoyou (pl.) will have affected
eles/elasterão afetadothey will have affected

Subjunctive

Present subjunctive (Conjuntivo presente) Regular

The present subjunctive appears after want, hope, fear, and impersonal triggers, and typically requires a new subject in the subordinate clause, just as in the other main Romance languages.

Espero que encontres o caminho fácil.

PronounPortuguese
euafete
tuafetes
vocêafete
ele/elaafete
nósafetemos
vósafeteis
vocêsafetem
eles/elasafetem

Imperfect subjunctive (Conjuntivo pretérito imperf.) Regular

The imperfect subjunctive in se + subjunctive → condicional is the classic “if I were a rich man” line in European Portuguese, parallel to the Spanish -ra form.

Se tivesse mais tempo, aprenderia outro idioma.

PronounPortuguese
euafetasse
tuafetasses
vocêafetasse
ele/elaafetasse
nósafetássemos
vósafetásseis
vocêsafetassem
eles/elasafetassem

Other forms

Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo afirmativo) Regular

The affirmative imperative in Portuguese is built with tu, você, nós, vós, and vocês forms; Brazilian norms favour você/vocês with third-person present verb shapes.

Diga a verdade, por favor.

PronounPortuguese
tuafeta
vocêafete
ele/elaafete
nósafetemos
vósafetai
vocêsafetem
eles/elasafetem

Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular

Negative commands require não plus the present subjunctive for each person, which is a distinctive feature compared to other Romance systems that reuse present indicative in some slots.

Não falemos com pressa, está tudo calmo.

PronounPortuguese
tunão afetes
vocênão afete
ele/elanão afete
nósnão afetemos
vósnão afeteis
vocêsnão afetem
eles/elasnão afetem