afundar — Portuguese conjugation

to sink

Frequency#585Regular

Indicative

Present (Presente) Regular

The presente covers routines, states, and immediate future with adverbs like hoje or amanhã. One present form covers both English simple and progressive readings in most situations.

Ela estuda português todas as noites.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euafundoI sink
tuafundasyou sink
vocêafundayou sink
ele/elaafundahe/she/it sinks
nósafundamoswe sink
vósafundaisyou (pl.) sink
vocêsafundamyou (pl.) sink
eles/elasafundamthey sink

Preterite (Pretérito perfeito simples) Regular

The pretérito perfeito simples is a sharp, completed past. In European Portuguese it is the standard story-telling past; Brazilian usage often prefers the compound form in speech while keeping the simple for narrative and writing.

Ontem escreveu a carta inteira de uma vez.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euafundeiI sank
tuafundasteyou sank
vocêafundouyou sank
ele/elaafundouhe/she/it sank
nósafundamoswe sank
vósafundastesyou (pl.) sank
vocêsafundaramyou (pl.) sank
eles/elasafundaramthey sank

Imperfect (Pretérito imperfeito) Regular

The imperfeito describes past background, repeated actions, and how things used to be. Contrast it with the simple preterite for the “main event” line of a story.

Quando era criança, brincava na praia.

PronounPortuguese
euafundava
tuafundavas
vocêafundava
ele/elaafundava
nósafundávamos
vósafundáveis
vocêsafundavam
eles/elasafundavam

Conditional (Condicional) Regular

The condicional is for polite offers, soft questions, and hypothetical “would” outcomes, and it often closes a se + imperfeito do subjuntivo chain in formal style.

Você poderia me explicar outra vez?

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euafundariaI would sink
tuafundariasyou would sink
vocêafundariayou would sink
ele/elaafundariahe/she/it would sink
nósafundaríamoswe would sink
vósafundaríeisyou (pl.) would sink
vocêsafundariamyou (pl.) would sink
eles/elasafundariamthey would sink

Future (Futuro do presente) Regular

The futuro do presente states future facts; in everyday conversation you will often hear ir + infinitive or even the present with a time adverb instead of the synthetic future.

Amanhã faremos a reunião mais cedo.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euafundareiI will sink
tuafundarásyou will sink
vocêafundaráyou will sink
ele/elaafundaráhe/she/it will sink
nósafundaremoswe will sink
vósafundareisyou (pl.) will sink
vocêsafundarãoyou (pl.) will sink
eles/elasafundarãothey will sink

Present perfect (Pretérito perfeito composto) Regular

The pretérito perfeito composto uses ter or haver plus the participle for a past that still touches the present or happens repeatedly up to now — a “have done” perfect with strong links to European norms.

Tenho pensado nisso há semanas.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
eutenho afundadoI have sunk
tutens afundadoyou have sunk
vocêtem afundadoyou have sunk
ele/elatem afundadohe/she/it has sunk
nóstemos afundadowe have sunk
vóstendes afundadoyou (pl.) have sunk
vocêstêm afundadoyou (pl.) have sunk
eles/elastêm afundadothey have sunk

Pluperfect (Mais-que-perfeito composto) Regular

The mais-que-perfeito composto is the pluperfect: an action was already finished before another past reference. It mirrors the English “had already”.

Já tinham saído quando chegámos.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
eutinha afundadoI had sunk
tutinhas afundadoyou had sunk
vocêtinha afundadoyou had sunk
ele/elatinha afundadohe/she/it had sunk
nóstínhamos afundadowe had sunk
vóstínheis afundadoyou (pl.) had sunk
vocêstinham afundadoyou (pl.) had sunk
eles/elastinham afundadothey had sunk

Conditional perfect (Condicional composto) Regular

The condicional composto expresses a counterfactual “would have” and appears with the right kind of if-clause in the subjunctive past for unreal conditions.

Teria aceite se tiveses avisado com antecedência.

PronounPortuguese
euteria afundado
tuterias afundado
vocêteria afundado
ele/elateria afundado
nósteríamos afundado
vósteríeis afundado
vocêsteriam afundado
eles/elasteriam afundado

Future perfect (Futuro composto) Regular

The futuro composto is the future-in-the-future: something will be finished before a later time. It is less frequent than the simple future but still useful for deadlines.

Até sexta, teremos lido tudo o relatório.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euterei afundadoI will have sunk
tuterás afundadoyou will have sunk
vocêterá afundadoyou will have sunk
ele/elaterá afundadohe/she/it will have sunk
nósteremos afundadowe will have sunk
vóstereis afundadoyou (pl.) will have sunk
vocêsterão afundadoyou (pl.) will have sunk
eles/elasterão afundadothey will have sunk

Subjunctive

Present subjunctive (Conjuntivo presente) Regular

The present subjunctive appears after want, hope, fear, and impersonal triggers, and typically requires a new subject in the subordinate clause, just as in the other main Romance languages.

Espero que encontres o caminho fácil.

PronounPortuguese
euafunde
tuafundes
vocêafunde
ele/elaafunde
nósafundemos
vósafundeis
vocêsafundem
eles/elasafundem

Imperfect subjunctive (Conjuntivo pretérito imperf.) Regular

The imperfect subjunctive in se + subjunctive → condicional is the classic “if I were a rich man” line in European Portuguese, parallel to the Spanish -ra form.

Se tivesse mais tempo, aprenderia outro idioma.

PronounPortuguese
euafundasse
tuafundasses
vocêafundasse
ele/elaafundasse
nósafundássemos
vósafundásseis
vocêsafundassem
eles/elasafundassem

Other forms

Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo afirmativo) Regular

The affirmative imperative in Portuguese is built with tu, você, nós, vós, and vocês forms; Brazilian norms favour você/vocês with third-person present verb shapes.

Diga a verdade, por favor.

PronounPortuguese
tuafunda
vocêafunde
ele/elaafunde
nósafundemos
vósafundai
vocêsafundem
eles/elasafundem

Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular

Negative commands require não plus the present subjunctive for each person, which is a distinctive feature compared to other Romance systems that reuse present indicative in some slots.

Não falemos com pressa, está tudo calmo.

PronounPortuguese
tunão afundes
vocênão afunde
ele/elanão afunde
nósnão afundemos
vósnão afundeis
vocêsnão afundem
eles/elasnão afundem