aperfeiçoar — Portuguese conjugation

to improve

Frequency#1084Regular

Indicative

Present (Presente) Regular

The presente covers routines, states, and immediate future with adverbs like hoje or amanhã. One present form covers both English simple and progressive readings in most situations.

Ela estuda português todas as noites.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euaperfeiçooI improve
tuaperfeiçoasyou improve
vocêaperfeiçoayou improve
ele/elaaperfeiçoahe/she/it improves
nósaperfeiçoamoswe improve
vósaperfeiçoaisyou (pl.) improve
vocêsaperfeiçoamyou (pl.) improve
eles/elasaperfeiçoamthey improve

Preterite (Pretérito perfeito simples) Regular

The pretérito perfeito simples is a sharp, completed past. In European Portuguese it is the standard story-telling past; Brazilian usage often prefers the compound form in speech while keeping the simple for narrative and writing.

Ontem escreveu a carta inteira de uma vez.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euaperfeiçoeiI improved
tuaperfeiçoasteyou improved
vocêaperfeiçoouyou improved
ele/elaaperfeiçoouhe/she/it improved
nósaperfeiçoamoswe improved
vósaperfeiçoastesyou (pl.) improved
vocêsaperfeiçoaramyou (pl.) improved
eles/elasaperfeiçoaramthey improved

Imperfect (Pretérito imperfeito) Regular

The imperfeito describes past background, repeated actions, and how things used to be. Contrast it with the simple preterite for the “main event” line of a story.

Quando era criança, brincava na praia.

PronounPortuguese
euaperfeiçoava
tuaperfeiçoavas
vocêaperfeiçoava
ele/elaaperfeiçoava
nósaperfeiçoávamos
vósaperfeiçoáveis
vocêsaperfeiçoavam
eles/elasaperfeiçoavam

Conditional (Condicional) Regular

The condicional is for polite offers, soft questions, and hypothetical “would” outcomes, and it often closes a se + imperfeito do subjuntivo chain in formal style.

Você poderia me explicar outra vez?

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euaperfeiçoariaI would improve
tuaperfeiçoariasyou would improve
vocêaperfeiçoariayou would improve
ele/elaaperfeiçoariahe/she/it would improve
nósaperfeiçoaríamoswe would improve
vósaperfeiçoaríeisyou (pl.) would improve
vocêsaperfeiçoariamyou (pl.) would improve
eles/elasaperfeiçoariamthey would improve

Future (Futuro do presente) Regular

The futuro do presente states future facts; in everyday conversation you will often hear ir + infinitive or even the present with a time adverb instead of the synthetic future.

Amanhã faremos a reunião mais cedo.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euaperfeiçoareiI will improve
tuaperfeiçoarásyou will improve
vocêaperfeiçoaráyou will improve
ele/elaaperfeiçoaráhe/she/it will improve
nósaperfeiçoaremoswe will improve
vósaperfeiçoareisyou (pl.) will improve
vocêsaperfeiçoarãoyou (pl.) will improve
eles/elasaperfeiçoarãothey will improve

Present perfect (Pretérito perfeito composto) Regular

The pretérito perfeito composto uses ter or haver plus the participle for a past that still touches the present or happens repeatedly up to now — a “have done” perfect with strong links to European norms.

Tenho pensado nisso há semanas.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
eutenho aperfeiçoadoI have improved
tutens aperfeiçoadoyou have improved
vocêtem aperfeiçoadoyou have improved
ele/elatem aperfeiçoadohe/she/it has improved
nóstemos aperfeiçoadowe have improved
vóstendes aperfeiçoadoyou (pl.) have improved
vocêstêm aperfeiçoadoyou (pl.) have improved
eles/elastêm aperfeiçoadothey have improved

Pluperfect (Mais-que-perfeito composto) Regular

The mais-que-perfeito composto is the pluperfect: an action was already finished before another past reference. It mirrors the English “had already”.

Já tinham saído quando chegámos.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
eutinha aperfeiçoadoI had improved
tutinhas aperfeiçoadoyou had improved
vocêtinha aperfeiçoadoyou had improved
ele/elatinha aperfeiçoadohe/she/it had improved
nóstínhamos aperfeiçoadowe had improved
vóstínheis aperfeiçoadoyou (pl.) had improved
vocêstinham aperfeiçoadoyou (pl.) had improved
eles/elastinham aperfeiçoadothey had improved

Conditional perfect (Condicional composto) Regular

The condicional composto expresses a counterfactual “would have” and appears with the right kind of if-clause in the subjunctive past for unreal conditions.

Teria aceite se tiveses avisado com antecedência.

PronounPortuguese
euteria aperfeiçoado
tuterias aperfeiçoado
vocêteria aperfeiçoado
ele/elateria aperfeiçoado
nósteríamos aperfeiçoado
vósteríeis aperfeiçoado
vocêsteriam aperfeiçoado
eles/elasteriam aperfeiçoado

Future perfect (Futuro composto) Regular

The futuro composto is the future-in-the-future: something will be finished before a later time. It is less frequent than the simple future but still useful for deadlines.

Até sexta, teremos lido tudo o relatório.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euterei aperfeiçoadoI will have improved
tuterás aperfeiçoadoyou will have improved
vocêterá aperfeiçoadoyou will have improved
ele/elaterá aperfeiçoadohe/she/it will have improved
nósteremos aperfeiçoadowe will have improved
vóstereis aperfeiçoadoyou (pl.) will have improved
vocêsterão aperfeiçoadoyou (pl.) will have improved
eles/elasterão aperfeiçoadothey will have improved

Subjunctive

Present subjunctive (Conjuntivo presente) Regular

The present subjunctive appears after want, hope, fear, and impersonal triggers, and typically requires a new subject in the subordinate clause, just as in the other main Romance languages.

Espero que encontres o caminho fácil.

PronounPortuguese
euaperfeiçoe
tuaperfeiçoes
vocêaperfeiçoe
ele/elaaperfeiçoe
nósaperfeiçoemos
vósaperfeiçoeis
vocêsaperfeiçoem
eles/elasaperfeiçoem

Imperfect subjunctive (Conjuntivo pretérito imperf.) Regular

The imperfect subjunctive in se + subjunctive → condicional is the classic “if I were a rich man” line in European Portuguese, parallel to the Spanish -ra form.

Se tivesse mais tempo, aprenderia outro idioma.

PronounPortuguese
euaperfeiçoasse
tuaperfeiçoasses
vocêaperfeiçoasse
ele/elaaperfeiçoasse
nósaperfeiçoássemos
vósaperfeiçoásseis
vocêsaperfeiçoassem
eles/elasaperfeiçoassem

Other forms

Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo afirmativo) Regular

The affirmative imperative in Portuguese is built with tu, você, nós, vós, and vocês forms; Brazilian norms favour você/vocês with third-person present verb shapes.

Diga a verdade, por favor.

PronounPortuguese
tuaperfeiçoa
vocêaperfeiçoe
ele/elaaperfeiçoe
nósaperfeiçoemos
vósaperfeiçoai
vocêsaperfeiçoem
eles/elasaperfeiçoem

Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular

Negative commands require não plus the present subjunctive for each person, which is a distinctive feature compared to other Romance systems that reuse present indicative in some slots.

Não falemos com pressa, está tudo calmo.

PronounPortuguese
tunão aperfeiçoes
vocênão aperfeiçoe
ele/elanão aperfeiçoe
nósnão aperfeiçoemos
vósnão aperfeiçoeis
vocêsnão aperfeiçoem
eles/elasnão aperfeiçoem