atuar — Portuguese conjugation

to act

Frequency#248RegularReflexiveatuar-se — to act oneself

Indicative

Present (Presente) Regular

The presente covers routines, states, and immediate future with adverbs like hoje or amanhã. One present form covers both English simple and progressive readings in most situations.

Ela estuda português todas as noites.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euatuoI act
tuatuasyou act
vocêatuayou act
ele/elaatuahe/she/it acts
nósatuamoswe act
vósatuaisyou (pl.) act
vocêsatuamyou (pl.) act
eles/elasatuamthey act

Preterite (Pretérito perfeito simples) Regular

The pretérito perfeito simples is a sharp, completed past. In European Portuguese it is the standard story-telling past; Brazilian usage often prefers the compound form in speech while keeping the simple for narrative and writing.

Ontem escreveu a carta inteira de uma vez.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euatueiI acted
tuatuasteyou acted
vocêatuouyou acted
ele/elaatuouhe/she/it acted
nósatuamoswe acted
vósatuastesyou (pl.) acted
vocêsatuaramyou (pl.) acted
eles/elasatuaramthey acted

Imperfect (Pretérito imperfeito) Regular

The imperfeito describes past background, repeated actions, and how things used to be. Contrast it with the simple preterite for the “main event” line of a story.

Quando era criança, brincava na praia.

PronounPortuguese
euatuava
tuatuavas
vocêatuava
ele/elaatuava
nósatuávamos
vósatuáveis
vocêsatuavam
eles/elasatuavam

Conditional (Condicional) Regular

The condicional is for polite offers, soft questions, and hypothetical “would” outcomes, and it often closes a se + imperfeito do subjuntivo chain in formal style.

Você poderia me explicar outra vez?

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euatuariaI would act
tuatuariasyou would act
vocêatuariayou would act
ele/elaatuariahe/she/it would act
nósatuaríamoswe would act
vósatuaríeisyou (pl.) would act
vocêsatuariamyou (pl.) would act
eles/elasatuariamthey would act

Future (Futuro do presente) Regular

The futuro do presente states future facts; in everyday conversation you will often hear ir + infinitive or even the present with a time adverb instead of the synthetic future.

Amanhã faremos a reunião mais cedo.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euatuareiI will act
tuatuarásyou will act
vocêatuaráyou will act
ele/elaatuaráhe/she/it will act
nósatuaremoswe will act
vósatuareisyou (pl.) will act
vocêsatuarãoyou (pl.) will act
eles/elasatuarãothey will act

Present perfect (Pretérito perfeito composto) Regular

The pretérito perfeito composto uses ter or haver plus the participle for a past that still touches the present or happens repeatedly up to now — a “have done” perfect with strong links to European norms.

Tenho pensado nisso há semanas.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
eutenho atuadoI have acted
tutens atuadoyou have acted
vocêtem atuadoyou have acted
ele/elatem atuadohe/she/it has acted
nóstemos atuadowe have acted
vóstendes atuadoyou (pl.) have acted
vocêstêm atuadoyou (pl.) have acted
eles/elastêm atuadothey have acted

Pluperfect (Mais-que-perfeito composto) Regular

The mais-que-perfeito composto is the pluperfect: an action was already finished before another past reference. It mirrors the English “had already”.

Já tinham saído quando chegámos.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
eutinha atuadoI had acted
tutinhas atuadoyou had acted
vocêtinha atuadoyou had acted
ele/elatinha atuadohe/she/it had acted
nóstínhamos atuadowe had acted
vóstínheis atuadoyou (pl.) had acted
vocêstinham atuadoyou (pl.) had acted
eles/elastinham atuadothey had acted

Conditional perfect (Condicional composto) Regular

The condicional composto expresses a counterfactual “would have” and appears with the right kind of if-clause in the subjunctive past for unreal conditions.

Teria aceite se tiveses avisado com antecedência.

PronounPortuguese
euteria atuado
tuterias atuado
vocêteria atuado
ele/elateria atuado
nósteríamos atuado
vósteríeis atuado
vocêsteriam atuado
eles/elasteriam atuado

Future perfect (Futuro composto) Regular

The futuro composto is the future-in-the-future: something will be finished before a later time. It is less frequent than the simple future but still useful for deadlines.

Até sexta, teremos lido tudo o relatório.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euterei atuadoI will have acted
tuterás atuadoyou will have acted
vocêterá atuadoyou will have acted
ele/elaterá atuadohe/she/it will have acted
nósteremos atuadowe will have acted
vóstereis atuadoyou (pl.) will have acted
vocêsterão atuadoyou (pl.) will have acted
eles/elasterão atuadothey will have acted

Subjunctive

Present subjunctive (Conjuntivo presente) Regular

The present subjunctive appears after want, hope, fear, and impersonal triggers, and typically requires a new subject in the subordinate clause, just as in the other main Romance languages.

Espero que encontres o caminho fácil.

PronounPortuguese
euatue
tuatues
vocêatue
ele/elaatue
nósatuemos
vósatueis
vocêsatuem
eles/elasatuem

Imperfect subjunctive (Conjuntivo pretérito imperf.) Regular

The imperfect subjunctive in se + subjunctive → condicional is the classic “if I were a rich man” line in European Portuguese, parallel to the Spanish -ra form.

Se tivesse mais tempo, aprenderia outro idioma.

PronounPortuguese
euatuasse
tuatuasses
vocêatuasse
ele/elaatuasse
nósatuássemos
vósatuásseis
vocêsatuassem
eles/elasatuassem

Other forms

Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo afirmativo) Regular

The affirmative imperative in Portuguese is built with tu, você, nós, vós, and vocês forms; Brazilian norms favour você/vocês with third-person present verb shapes.

Diga a verdade, por favor.

PronounPortuguese
tuatua
vocêatue
ele/elaatue
nósatuemos
vósatuai
vocêsatuem
eles/elasatuem

Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular

Negative commands require não plus the present subjunctive for each person, which is a distinctive feature compared to other Romance systems that reuse present indicative in some slots.

Não falemos com pressa, está tudo calmo.

PronounPortuguese
tunão atues
vocênão atue
ele/elanão atue
nósnão atuemos
vósnão atueis
vocêsnão atuem
eles/elasnão atuem