encostar — Portuguese conjugation

to lean

Frequency#318Regular

Indicative

Present (Presente) Regular

The presente covers routines, states, and immediate future with adverbs like hoje or amanhã. One present form covers both English simple and progressive readings in most situations.

Ela estuda português todas as noites.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euencostoI lean
tuencostasyou lean
vocêencostayou lean
ele/elaencostahe/she/it leans
nósencostamoswe lean
vósencostaisyou (pl.) lean
vocêsencostamyou (pl.) lean
eles/elasencostamthey lean

Preterite (Pretérito perfeito simples) Regular

The pretérito perfeito simples is a sharp, completed past. In European Portuguese it is the standard story-telling past; Brazilian usage often prefers the compound form in speech while keeping the simple for narrative and writing.

Ontem escreveu a carta inteira de uma vez.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euencosteiI leaned
tuencostasteyou leaned
vocêencostouyou leaned
ele/elaencostouhe/she/it leaned
nósencostamoswe leaned
vósencostastesyou (pl.) leaned
vocêsencostaramyou (pl.) leaned
eles/elasencostaramthey leaned

Imperfect (Pretérito imperfeito) Regular

The imperfeito describes past background, repeated actions, and how things used to be. Contrast it with the simple preterite for the “main event” line of a story.

Quando era criança, brincava na praia.

PronounPortuguese
euencostava
tuencostavas
vocêencostava
ele/elaencostava
nósencostávamos
vósencostáveis
vocêsencostavam
eles/elasencostavam

Conditional (Condicional) Regular

The condicional is for polite offers, soft questions, and hypothetical “would” outcomes, and it often closes a se + imperfeito do subjuntivo chain in formal style.

Você poderia me explicar outra vez?

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euencostariaI would lean
tuencostariasyou would lean
vocêencostariayou would lean
ele/elaencostariahe/she/it would lean
nósencostaríamoswe would lean
vósencostaríeisyou (pl.) would lean
vocêsencostariamyou (pl.) would lean
eles/elasencostariamthey would lean

Future (Futuro do presente) Regular

The futuro do presente states future facts; in everyday conversation you will often hear ir + infinitive or even the present with a time adverb instead of the synthetic future.

Amanhã faremos a reunião mais cedo.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euencostareiI will lean
tuencostarásyou will lean
vocêencostaráyou will lean
ele/elaencostaráhe/she/it will lean
nósencostaremoswe will lean
vósencostareisyou (pl.) will lean
vocêsencostarãoyou (pl.) will lean
eles/elasencostarãothey will lean

Present perfect (Pretérito perfeito composto) Regular

The pretérito perfeito composto uses ter or haver plus the participle for a past that still touches the present or happens repeatedly up to now — a “have done” perfect with strong links to European norms.

Tenho pensado nisso há semanas.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
eutenho encostadoI have leaned
tutens encostadoyou have leaned
vocêtem encostadoyou have leaned
ele/elatem encostadohe/she/it has leaned
nóstemos encostadowe have leaned
vóstendes encostadoyou (pl.) have leaned
vocêstêm encostadoyou (pl.) have leaned
eles/elastêm encostadothey have leaned

Pluperfect (Mais-que-perfeito composto) Regular

The mais-que-perfeito composto is the pluperfect: an action was already finished before another past reference. It mirrors the English “had already”.

Já tinham saído quando chegámos.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
eutinha encostadoI had leaned
tutinhas encostadoyou had leaned
vocêtinha encostadoyou had leaned
ele/elatinha encostadohe/she/it had leaned
nóstínhamos encostadowe had leaned
vóstínheis encostadoyou (pl.) had leaned
vocêstinham encostadoyou (pl.) had leaned
eles/elastinham encostadothey had leaned

Conditional perfect (Condicional composto) Regular

The condicional composto expresses a counterfactual “would have” and appears with the right kind of if-clause in the subjunctive past for unreal conditions.

Teria aceite se tiveses avisado com antecedência.

PronounPortuguese
euteria encostado
tuterias encostado
vocêteria encostado
ele/elateria encostado
nósteríamos encostado
vósteríeis encostado
vocêsteriam encostado
eles/elasteriam encostado

Future perfect (Futuro composto) Regular

The futuro composto is the future-in-the-future: something will be finished before a later time. It is less frequent than the simple future but still useful for deadlines.

Até sexta, teremos lido tudo o relatório.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euterei encostadoI will have leaned
tuterás encostadoyou will have leaned
vocêterá encostadoyou will have leaned
ele/elaterá encostadohe/she/it will have leaned
nósteremos encostadowe will have leaned
vóstereis encostadoyou (pl.) will have leaned
vocêsterão encostadoyou (pl.) will have leaned
eles/elasterão encostadothey will have leaned

Subjunctive

Present subjunctive (Conjuntivo presente) Regular

The present subjunctive appears after want, hope, fear, and impersonal triggers, and typically requires a new subject in the subordinate clause, just as in the other main Romance languages.

Espero que encontres o caminho fácil.

PronounPortuguese
euencoste
tuencostes
vocêencoste
ele/elaencoste
nósencostemos
vósencosteis
vocêsencostem
eles/elasencostem

Imperfect subjunctive (Conjuntivo pretérito imperf.) Regular

The imperfect subjunctive in se + subjunctive → condicional is the classic “if I were a rich man” line in European Portuguese, parallel to the Spanish -ra form.

Se tivesse mais tempo, aprenderia outro idioma.

PronounPortuguese
euencostasse
tuencostasses
vocêencostasse
ele/elaencostasse
nósencostássemos
vósencostásseis
vocêsencostassem
eles/elasencostassem

Other forms

Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo afirmativo) Regular

The affirmative imperative in Portuguese is built with tu, você, nós, vós, and vocês forms; Brazilian norms favour você/vocês with third-person present verb shapes.

Diga a verdade, por favor.

PronounPortuguese
tuencosta
vocêencoste
ele/elaencoste
nósencostemos
vósencostai
vocêsencostem
eles/elasencostem

Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular

Negative commands require não plus the present subjunctive for each person, which is a distinctive feature compared to other Romance systems that reuse present indicative in some slots.

Não falemos com pressa, está tudo calmo.

PronounPortuguese
tunão encostes
vocênão encoste
ele/elanão encoste
nósnão encostemos
vósnão encosteis
vocêsnão encostem
eles/elasnão encostem