esfriar — Portuguese conjugation

to cool down

Frequency#871Irregular

Indicative

Present (Presente) Regular

The presente covers routines, states, and immediate future with adverbs like hoje or amanhã. One present form covers both English simple and progressive readings in most situations.

Ela estuda português todas as noites.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euesfrioI cool down
tuesfriasyou cool down
vocêesfriayou cool down
ele/elaesfriahe/she/it cools down
nósesfriamoswe cool down
vósesfriaisyou (pl.) cool down
vocêsesfriamyou (pl.) cool down
eles/elasesfriamthey cool down

Preterite (Pretérito perfeito simples) Irregular

The pretérito perfeito simples is a sharp, completed past. In European Portuguese it is the standard story-telling past; Brazilian usage often prefers the compound form in speech while keeping the simple for narrative and writing.

Ontem escreveu a carta inteira de uma vez.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euesfrieiI cooled down
tuesfriasteyou cooled down
vocêesfriouyou cooled down
ele/elaesfriouhe/she/it cooled down
nósesfriamoswe cooled down
vósesfriastesyou (pl.) cooled down
vocêsesfriaramyou (pl.) cooled down
eles/elasesfriaramthey cooled down

Imperfect (Pretérito imperfeito) Regular

The imperfeito describes past background, repeated actions, and how things used to be. Contrast it with the simple preterite for the “main event” line of a story.

Quando era criança, brincava na praia.

PronounPortuguese
euesfriava
tuesfriavas
vocêesfriava
ele/elaesfriava
nósesfriávamos
vósesfriáveis
vocêsesfriavam
eles/elasesfriavam

Conditional (Condicional) Regular

The condicional is for polite offers, soft questions, and hypothetical “would” outcomes, and it often closes a se + imperfeito do subjuntivo chain in formal style.

Você poderia me explicar outra vez?

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euesfriariaI would cool down
tuesfriariasyou would cool down
vocêesfriariayou would cool down
ele/elaesfriariahe/she/it would cool down
nósesfriaríamoswe would cool down
vósesfriaríeisyou (pl.) would cool down
vocêsesfriariamyou (pl.) would cool down
eles/elasesfriariamthey would cool down

Future (Futuro do presente) Regular

The futuro do presente states future facts; in everyday conversation you will often hear ir + infinitive or even the present with a time adverb instead of the synthetic future.

Amanhã faremos a reunião mais cedo.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euesfriareiI will cool down
tuesfriarásyou will cool down
vocêesfriaráyou will cool down
ele/elaesfriaráhe/she/it will cool down
nósesfriaremoswe will cool down
vósesfriareisyou (pl.) will cool down
vocêsesfriarãoyou (pl.) will cool down
eles/elasesfriarãothey will cool down

Present perfect (Pretérito perfeito composto) Regular

The pretérito perfeito composto uses ter or haver plus the participle for a past that still touches the present or happens repeatedly up to now — a “have done” perfect with strong links to European norms.

Tenho pensado nisso há semanas.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
eutenho esfriadoI have cooled down
tutens esfriadoyou have cooled down
vocêtem esfriadoyou have cooled down
ele/elatem esfriadohe/she/it has cooled down
nóstemos esfriadowe have cooled down
vóstendes esfriadoyou (pl.) have cooled down
vocêstêm esfriadoyou (pl.) have cooled down
eles/elastêm esfriadothey have cooled down

Pluperfect (Mais-que-perfeito composto) Regular

The mais-que-perfeito composto is the pluperfect: an action was already finished before another past reference. It mirrors the English “had already”.

Já tinham saído quando chegámos.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
eutinha esfriadoI had cooled down
tutinhas esfriadoyou had cooled down
vocêtinha esfriadoyou had cooled down
ele/elatinha esfriadohe/she/it had cooled down
nóstínhamos esfriadowe had cooled down
vóstínheis esfriadoyou (pl.) had cooled down
vocêstinham esfriadoyou (pl.) had cooled down
eles/elastinham esfriadothey had cooled down

Conditional perfect (Condicional composto) Regular

The condicional composto expresses a counterfactual “would have” and appears with the right kind of if-clause in the subjunctive past for unreal conditions.

Teria aceite se tiveses avisado com antecedência.

PronounPortuguese
euteria esfriado
tuterias esfriado
vocêteria esfriado
ele/elateria esfriado
nósteríamos esfriado
vósteríeis esfriado
vocêsteriam esfriado
eles/elasteriam esfriado

Future perfect (Futuro composto) Regular

The futuro composto is the future-in-the-future: something will be finished before a later time. It is less frequent than the simple future but still useful for deadlines.

Até sexta, teremos lido tudo o relatório.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euterei esfriadoI will have cooled down
tuterás esfriadoyou will have cooled down
vocêterá esfriadoyou will have cooled down
ele/elaterá esfriadohe/she/it will have cooled down
nósteremos esfriadowe will have cooled down
vóstereis esfriadoyou (pl.) will have cooled down
vocêsterão esfriadoyou (pl.) will have cooled down
eles/elasterão esfriadothey will have cooled down

Subjunctive

Present subjunctive (Conjuntivo presente) Regular

The present subjunctive appears after want, hope, fear, and impersonal triggers, and typically requires a new subject in the subordinate clause, just as in the other main Romance languages.

Espero que encontres o caminho fácil.

PronounPortuguese
euesfrie
tuesfries
vocêesfrie
ele/elaesfrie
nósesfriemos
vósesfrieis
vocêsesfriem
eles/elasesfriem

Imperfect subjunctive (Conjuntivo pretérito imperf.) Regular

The imperfect subjunctive in se + subjunctive → condicional is the classic “if I were a rich man” line in European Portuguese, parallel to the Spanish -ra form.

Se tivesse mais tempo, aprenderia outro idioma.

PronounPortuguese
euesfriasse
tuesfriasses
vocêesfriasse
ele/elaesfriasse
nósesfriássemos
vósesfriásseis
vocêsesfriassem
eles/elasesfriassem

Other forms

Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo afirmativo) Regular

The affirmative imperative in Portuguese is built with tu, você, nós, vós, and vocês forms; Brazilian norms favour você/vocês with third-person present verb shapes.

Diga a verdade, por favor.

PronounPortuguese
tuesfria
vocêesfrie
ele/elaesfrie
nósesfriemos
vósesfriai
vocêsesfriem
eles/elasesfriem

Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular

Negative commands require não plus the present subjunctive for each person, which is a distinctive feature compared to other Romance systems that reuse present indicative in some slots.

Não falemos com pressa, está tudo calmo.

PronounPortuguese
tunão esfries
vocênão esfrie
ele/elanão esfrie
nósnão esfriemos
vósnão esfrieis
vocêsnão esfriem
eles/elasnão esfriem