espalhar — Portuguese conjugation

to spread

Frequency#373Regular

Indicative

Present (Presente) Regular

The presente covers routines, states, and immediate future with adverbs like hoje or amanhã. One present form covers both English simple and progressive readings in most situations.

Ela estuda português todas as noites.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euespalhoI spread
tuespalhasyou spread
vocêespalhayou spread
ele/elaespalhahe/she/it spreads
nósespalhamoswe spread
vósespalhaisyou (pl.) spread
vocêsespalhamyou (pl.) spread
eles/elasespalhamthey spread

Preterite (Pretérito perfeito simples) Regular

The pretérito perfeito simples is a sharp, completed past. In European Portuguese it is the standard story-telling past; Brazilian usage often prefers the compound form in speech while keeping the simple for narrative and writing.

Ontem escreveu a carta inteira de uma vez.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euespalheiI spread
tuespalhasteyou spread
vocêespalhouyou spread
ele/elaespalhouhe/she/it spread
nósespalhamoswe spread
vósespalhastesyou (pl.) spread
vocêsespalharamyou (pl.) spread
eles/elasespalharamthey spread

Imperfect (Pretérito imperfeito) Regular

The imperfeito describes past background, repeated actions, and how things used to be. Contrast it with the simple preterite for the “main event” line of a story.

Quando era criança, brincava na praia.

PronounPortuguese
euespalhava
tuespalhavas
vocêespalhava
ele/elaespalhava
nósespalhávamos
vósespalháveis
vocêsespalhavam
eles/elasespalhavam

Conditional (Condicional) Regular

The condicional is for polite offers, soft questions, and hypothetical “would” outcomes, and it often closes a se + imperfeito do subjuntivo chain in formal style.

Você poderia me explicar outra vez?

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euespalhariaI would spread
tuespalhariasyou would spread
vocêespalhariayou would spread
ele/elaespalhariahe/she/it would spread
nósespalharíamoswe would spread
vósespalharíeisyou (pl.) would spread
vocêsespalhariamyou (pl.) would spread
eles/elasespalhariamthey would spread

Future (Futuro do presente) Regular

The futuro do presente states future facts; in everyday conversation you will often hear ir + infinitive or even the present with a time adverb instead of the synthetic future.

Amanhã faremos a reunião mais cedo.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euespalhareiI will spread
tuespalharásyou will spread
vocêespalharáyou will spread
ele/elaespalharáhe/she/it will spread
nósespalharemoswe will spread
vósespalhareisyou (pl.) will spread
vocêsespalharãoyou (pl.) will spread
eles/elasespalharãothey will spread

Present perfect (Pretérito perfeito composto) Regular

The pretérito perfeito composto uses ter or haver plus the participle for a past that still touches the present or happens repeatedly up to now — a “have done” perfect with strong links to European norms.

Tenho pensado nisso há semanas.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
eutenho espalhadoI have spread
tutens espalhadoyou have spread
vocêtem espalhadoyou have spread
ele/elatem espalhadohe/she/it has spread
nóstemos espalhadowe have spread
vóstendes espalhadoyou (pl.) have spread
vocêstêm espalhadoyou (pl.) have spread
eles/elastêm espalhadothey have spread

Pluperfect (Mais-que-perfeito composto) Regular

The mais-que-perfeito composto is the pluperfect: an action was already finished before another past reference. It mirrors the English “had already”.

Já tinham saído quando chegámos.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
eutinha espalhadoI had spread
tutinhas espalhadoyou had spread
vocêtinha espalhadoyou had spread
ele/elatinha espalhadohe/she/it had spread
nóstínhamos espalhadowe had spread
vóstínheis espalhadoyou (pl.) had spread
vocêstinham espalhadoyou (pl.) had spread
eles/elastinham espalhadothey had spread

Conditional perfect (Condicional composto) Regular

The condicional composto expresses a counterfactual “would have” and appears with the right kind of if-clause in the subjunctive past for unreal conditions.

Teria aceite se tiveses avisado com antecedência.

PronounPortuguese
euteria espalhado
tuterias espalhado
vocêteria espalhado
ele/elateria espalhado
nósteríamos espalhado
vósteríeis espalhado
vocêsteriam espalhado
eles/elasteriam espalhado

Future perfect (Futuro composto) Regular

The futuro composto is the future-in-the-future: something will be finished before a later time. It is less frequent than the simple future but still useful for deadlines.

Até sexta, teremos lido tudo o relatório.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euterei espalhadoI will have spread
tuterás espalhadoyou will have spread
vocêterá espalhadoyou will have spread
ele/elaterá espalhadohe/she/it will have spread
nósteremos espalhadowe will have spread
vóstereis espalhadoyou (pl.) will have spread
vocêsterão espalhadoyou (pl.) will have spread
eles/elasterão espalhadothey will have spread

Subjunctive

Present subjunctive (Conjuntivo presente) Regular

The present subjunctive appears after want, hope, fear, and impersonal triggers, and typically requires a new subject in the subordinate clause, just as in the other main Romance languages.

Espero que encontres o caminho fácil.

PronounPortuguese
euespalhe
tuespalhes
vocêespalhe
ele/elaespalhe
nósespalhemos
vósespalheis
vocêsespalhem
eles/elasespalhem

Imperfect subjunctive (Conjuntivo pretérito imperf.) Regular

The imperfect subjunctive in se + subjunctive → condicional is the classic “if I were a rich man” line in European Portuguese, parallel to the Spanish -ra form.

Se tivesse mais tempo, aprenderia outro idioma.

PronounPortuguese
euespalhasse
tuespalhasses
vocêespalhasse
ele/elaespalhasse
nósespalhássemos
vósespalhásseis
vocêsespalhassem
eles/elasespalhassem

Other forms

Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo afirmativo) Regular

The affirmative imperative in Portuguese is built with tu, você, nós, vós, and vocês forms; Brazilian norms favour você/vocês with third-person present verb shapes.

Diga a verdade, por favor.

PronounPortuguese
tuespalha
vocêespalhe
ele/elaespalhe
nósespalhemos
vósespalhai
vocêsespalhem
eles/elasespalhem

Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular

Negative commands require não plus the present subjunctive for each person, which is a distinctive feature compared to other Romance systems that reuse present indicative in some slots.

Não falemos com pressa, está tudo calmo.

PronounPortuguese
tunão espalhes
vocênão espalhe
ele/elanão espalhe
nósnão espalhemos
vósnão espalheis
vocêsnão espalhem
eles/elasnão espalhem