iniciar — Portuguese conjugation

to initiate

Frequency#108Regular

Indicative

Present (Presente) Regular

The presente covers routines, states, and immediate future with adverbs like hoje or amanhã. One present form covers both English simple and progressive readings in most situations.

Ela estuda português todas as noites.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euinicioI initiate
tuiniciasyou initiate
vocêiniciayou initiate
ele/elainiciahe/she/it initiates
nósiniciamoswe initiate
vósiniciaisyou (pl.) initiate
vocêsiniciamyou (pl.) initiate
eles/elasiniciamthey initiate

Preterite (Pretérito perfeito simples) Regular

The pretérito perfeito simples is a sharp, completed past. In European Portuguese it is the standard story-telling past; Brazilian usage often prefers the compound form in speech while keeping the simple for narrative and writing.

Ontem escreveu a carta inteira de uma vez.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euinicieiI initiated
tuiniciasteyou initiated
vocêiniciouyou initiated
ele/elainiciouhe/she/it initiated
nósiniciamoswe initiated
vósiniciastesyou (pl.) initiated
vocêsiniciaramyou (pl.) initiated
eles/elasiniciaramthey initiated

Imperfect (Pretérito imperfeito) Regular

The imperfeito describes past background, repeated actions, and how things used to be. Contrast it with the simple preterite for the “main event” line of a story.

Quando era criança, brincava na praia.

PronounPortuguese
euiniciava
tuiniciavas
vocêiniciava
ele/elainiciava
nósiniciávamos
vósiniciáveis
vocêsiniciavam
eles/elasiniciavam

Conditional (Condicional) Regular

The condicional is for polite offers, soft questions, and hypothetical “would” outcomes, and it often closes a se + imperfeito do subjuntivo chain in formal style.

Você poderia me explicar outra vez?

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euiniciariaI would initiate
tuiniciariasyou would initiate
vocêiniciariayou would initiate
ele/elainiciariahe/she/it would initiate
nósiniciaríamoswe would initiate
vósiniciaríeisyou (pl.) would initiate
vocêsiniciariamyou (pl.) would initiate
eles/elasiniciariamthey would initiate

Future (Futuro do presente) Regular

The futuro do presente states future facts; in everyday conversation you will often hear ir + infinitive or even the present with a time adverb instead of the synthetic future.

Amanhã faremos a reunião mais cedo.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euiniciareiI will initiate
tuiniciarásyou will initiate
vocêiniciaráyou will initiate
ele/elainiciaráhe/she/it will initiate
nósiniciaremoswe will initiate
vósiniciareisyou (pl.) will initiate
vocêsiniciarãoyou (pl.) will initiate
eles/elasiniciarãothey will initiate

Present perfect (Pretérito perfeito composto) Regular

The pretérito perfeito composto uses ter or haver plus the participle for a past that still touches the present or happens repeatedly up to now — a “have done” perfect with strong links to European norms.

Tenho pensado nisso há semanas.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
eutenho iniciadoI have initiated
tutens iniciadoyou have initiated
vocêtem iniciadoyou have initiated
ele/elatem iniciadohe/she/it has initiated
nóstemos iniciadowe have initiated
vóstendes iniciadoyou (pl.) have initiated
vocêstêm iniciadoyou (pl.) have initiated
eles/elastêm iniciadothey have initiated

Pluperfect (Mais-que-perfeito composto) Regular

The mais-que-perfeito composto is the pluperfect: an action was already finished before another past reference. It mirrors the English “had already”.

Já tinham saído quando chegámos.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
eutinha iniciadoI had initiated
tutinhas iniciadoyou had initiated
vocêtinha iniciadoyou had initiated
ele/elatinha iniciadohe/she/it had initiated
nóstínhamos iniciadowe had initiated
vóstínheis iniciadoyou (pl.) had initiated
vocêstinham iniciadoyou (pl.) had initiated
eles/elastinham iniciadothey had initiated

Conditional perfect (Condicional composto) Regular

The condicional composto expresses a counterfactual “would have” and appears with the right kind of if-clause in the subjunctive past for unreal conditions.

Teria aceite se tiveses avisado com antecedência.

PronounPortuguese
euteria iniciado
tuterias iniciado
vocêteria iniciado
ele/elateria iniciado
nósteríamos iniciado
vósteríeis iniciado
vocêsteriam iniciado
eles/elasteriam iniciado

Future perfect (Futuro composto) Regular

The futuro composto is the future-in-the-future: something will be finished before a later time. It is less frequent than the simple future but still useful for deadlines.

Até sexta, teremos lido tudo o relatório.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euterei iniciadoI will have initiated
tuterás iniciadoyou will have initiated
vocêterá iniciadoyou will have initiated
ele/elaterá iniciadohe/she/it will have initiated
nósteremos iniciadowe will have initiated
vóstereis iniciadoyou (pl.) will have initiated
vocêsterão iniciadoyou (pl.) will have initiated
eles/elasterão iniciadothey will have initiated

Subjunctive

Present subjunctive (Conjuntivo presente) Regular

The present subjunctive appears after want, hope, fear, and impersonal triggers, and typically requires a new subject in the subordinate clause, just as in the other main Romance languages.

Espero que encontres o caminho fácil.

PronounPortuguese
euinicie
tuinicies
vocêinicie
ele/elainicie
nósiniciemos
vósinicieis
vocêsiniciem
eles/elasiniciem

Imperfect subjunctive (Conjuntivo pretérito imperf.) Regular

The imperfect subjunctive in se + subjunctive → condicional is the classic “if I were a rich man” line in European Portuguese, parallel to the Spanish -ra form.

Se tivesse mais tempo, aprenderia outro idioma.

PronounPortuguese
euiniciasse
tuiniciasses
vocêiniciasse
ele/elainiciasse
nósiniciássemos
vósiniciásseis
vocêsiniciassem
eles/elasiniciassem

Other forms

Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo afirmativo) Regular

The affirmative imperative in Portuguese is built with tu, você, nós, vós, and vocês forms; Brazilian norms favour você/vocês with third-person present verb shapes.

Diga a verdade, por favor.

PronounPortuguese
tuinicia
vocêinicie
ele/elainicie
nósiniciemos
vósiniciai
vocêsiniciem
eles/elasiniciem

Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular

Negative commands require não plus the present subjunctive for each person, which is a distinctive feature compared to other Romance systems that reuse present indicative in some slots.

Não falemos com pressa, está tudo calmo.

PronounPortuguese
tunão inicies
vocênão inicie
ele/elanão inicie
nósnão iniciemos
vósnão inicieis
vocêsnão iniciem
eles/elasnão iniciem