testemunhar — Portuguese conjugation

to witness

Frequency#1228Regular

Indicative

Present (Presente) Regular

The presente covers routines, states, and immediate future with adverbs like hoje or amanhã. One present form covers both English simple and progressive readings in most situations.

Ela estuda português todas as noites.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
eutestemunhoI witness
tutestemunhasyou witness
vocêtestemunhayou witness
ele/elatestemunhahe/she/it witnesses
nóstestemunhamoswe witness
vóstestemunhaisyou (pl.) witness
vocêstestemunhamyou (pl.) witness
eles/elastestemunhamthey witness

Preterite (Pretérito perfeito simples) Regular

The pretérito perfeito simples is a sharp, completed past. In European Portuguese it is the standard story-telling past; Brazilian usage often prefers the compound form in speech while keeping the simple for narrative and writing.

Ontem escreveu a carta inteira de uma vez.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
eutestemunheiI witnessed
tutestemunhasteyou witnessed
vocêtestemunhouyou witnessed
ele/elatestemunhouhe/she/it witnessed
nóstestemunhamoswe witnessed
vóstestemunhastesyou (pl.) witnessed
vocêstestemunharamyou (pl.) witnessed
eles/elastestemunharamthey witnessed

Imperfect (Pretérito imperfeito) Regular

The imperfeito describes past background, repeated actions, and how things used to be. Contrast it with the simple preterite for the “main event” line of a story.

Quando era criança, brincava na praia.

PronounPortuguese
eutestemunhava
tutestemunhavas
vocêtestemunhava
ele/elatestemunhava
nóstestemunhávamos
vóstestemunháveis
vocêstestemunhavam
eles/elastestemunhavam

Conditional (Condicional) Regular

The condicional is for polite offers, soft questions, and hypothetical “would” outcomes, and it often closes a se + imperfeito do subjuntivo chain in formal style.

Você poderia me explicar outra vez?

PronounPortugueseEnglish
eutestemunhariaI would witness
tutestemunhariasyou would witness
vocêtestemunhariayou would witness
ele/elatestemunhariahe/she/it would witness
nóstestemunharíamoswe would witness
vóstestemunharíeisyou (pl.) would witness
vocêstestemunhariamyou (pl.) would witness
eles/elastestemunhariamthey would witness

Future (Futuro do presente) Regular

The futuro do presente states future facts; in everyday conversation you will often hear ir + infinitive or even the present with a time adverb instead of the synthetic future.

Amanhã faremos a reunião mais cedo.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
eutestemunhareiI will witness
tutestemunharásyou will witness
vocêtestemunharáyou will witness
ele/elatestemunharáhe/she/it will witness
nóstestemunharemoswe will witness
vóstestemunhareisyou (pl.) will witness
vocêstestemunharãoyou (pl.) will witness
eles/elastestemunharãothey will witness

Present perfect (Pretérito perfeito composto) Regular

The pretérito perfeito composto uses ter or haver plus the participle for a past that still touches the present or happens repeatedly up to now — a “have done” perfect with strong links to European norms.

Tenho pensado nisso há semanas.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
eutenho testemunhadoI have witnessed
tutens testemunhadoyou have witnessed
vocêtem testemunhadoyou have witnessed
ele/elatem testemunhadohe/she/it has witnessed
nóstemos testemunhadowe have witnessed
vóstendes testemunhadoyou (pl.) have witnessed
vocêstêm testemunhadoyou (pl.) have witnessed
eles/elastêm testemunhadothey have witnessed

Pluperfect (Mais-que-perfeito composto) Regular

The mais-que-perfeito composto is the pluperfect: an action was already finished before another past reference. It mirrors the English “had already”.

Já tinham saído quando chegámos.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
eutinha testemunhadoI had witnessed
tutinhas testemunhadoyou had witnessed
vocêtinha testemunhadoyou had witnessed
ele/elatinha testemunhadohe/she/it had witnessed
nóstínhamos testemunhadowe had witnessed
vóstínheis testemunhadoyou (pl.) had witnessed
vocêstinham testemunhadoyou (pl.) had witnessed
eles/elastinham testemunhadothey had witnessed

Conditional perfect (Condicional composto) Regular

The condicional composto expresses a counterfactual “would have” and appears with the right kind of if-clause in the subjunctive past for unreal conditions.

Teria aceite se tiveses avisado com antecedência.

PronounPortuguese
euteria testemunhado
tuterias testemunhado
vocêteria testemunhado
ele/elateria testemunhado
nósteríamos testemunhado
vósteríeis testemunhado
vocêsteriam testemunhado
eles/elasteriam testemunhado

Future perfect (Futuro composto) Regular

The futuro composto is the future-in-the-future: something will be finished before a later time. It is less frequent than the simple future but still useful for deadlines.

Até sexta, teremos lido tudo o relatório.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euterei testemunhadoI will have witnessed
tuterás testemunhadoyou will have witnessed
vocêterá testemunhadoyou will have witnessed
ele/elaterá testemunhadohe/she/it will have witnessed
nósteremos testemunhadowe will have witnessed
vóstereis testemunhadoyou (pl.) will have witnessed
vocêsterão testemunhadoyou (pl.) will have witnessed
eles/elasterão testemunhadothey will have witnessed

Subjunctive

Present subjunctive (Conjuntivo presente) Regular

The present subjunctive appears after want, hope, fear, and impersonal triggers, and typically requires a new subject in the subordinate clause, just as in the other main Romance languages.

Espero que encontres o caminho fácil.

PronounPortuguese
eutestemunhe
tutestemunhes
vocêtestemunhe
ele/elatestemunhe
nóstestemunhemos
vóstestemunheis
vocêstestemunhem
eles/elastestemunhem

Imperfect subjunctive (Conjuntivo pretérito imperf.) Regular

The imperfect subjunctive in se + subjunctive → condicional is the classic “if I were a rich man” line in European Portuguese, parallel to the Spanish -ra form.

Se tivesse mais tempo, aprenderia outro idioma.

PronounPortuguese
eutestemunhasse
tutestemunhasses
vocêtestemunhasse
ele/elatestemunhasse
nóstestemunhássemos
vóstestemunhásseis
vocêstestemunhassem
eles/elastestemunhassem

Other forms

Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo afirmativo) Regular

The affirmative imperative in Portuguese is built with tu, você, nós, vós, and vocês forms; Brazilian norms favour você/vocês with third-person present verb shapes.

Diga a verdade, por favor.

PronounPortuguese
tutestemunha
vocêtestemunhe
ele/elatestemunhe
nóstestemunhemos
vóstestemunhai
vocêstestemunhem
eles/elastestemunhem

Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular

Negative commands require não plus the present subjunctive for each person, which is a distinctive feature compared to other Romance systems that reuse present indicative in some slots.

Não falemos com pressa, está tudo calmo.

PronounPortuguese
tunão testemunhes
vocênão testemunhe
ele/elanão testemunhe
nósnão testemunhemos
vósnão testemunheis
vocêsnão testemunhem
eles/elasnão testemunhem