ladrar — Spanish conjugation
to bark
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The present tense is the most versatile tense in Spanish. It covers actions happening right now, habitual actions, and even near-future plans. One form does the work of three English constructions.
Ella habla inglés — She speaks / is speaking English
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| yo | ladro | I bark |
| tú | ladras | you bark |
| vos | ladrás | you bark |
| él/ella/Ud. | ladra | he/she/it barks |
| nosotros | ladramos | we bark |
| vosotros | ladráis | you (pl.) bark |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | ladran | they bark |
Preterite (Pretérito indefinido) Regular
Used for completed past actions with a defined endpoint — a single event, a series of events, or an action that interrupted another. Common with time expressions like ayer, el lunes, una vez.
Ella habló de ti ayer — She spoke about you yesterday
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| yo | ladré | I barked |
| tú | ladraste | you barked |
| vos | ladraste | you barked |
| él/ella/Ud. | ladró | he/she/it barked |
| nosotros | ladramos | we barked |
| vosotros | ladrasteis | you (pl.) barked |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | ladraron | they barked |
Imperfect (Pretérito imperfecto) Regular
Describes ongoing or habitual past states — what things were like, background context, what used to happen. Contrasts with the preterite which marks completed events.
Cuando era niño vivía en Valencia — When I was a child I lived in Valencia
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| yo | ladraba |
| tú | ladrabas |
| vos | ladrabas |
| él/ella/Ud. | ladraba |
| nosotros | ladrábamos |
| vosotros | ladrabais |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | ladraban |
Conditional (Condicional) Regular
Expresses hypothetical actions, polite requests, and what would happen under certain conditions. Also used for reported speech about the future from a past perspective.
¿Podrías ayudarme? — Could you help me?
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| yo | ladraría | I would bark |
| tú | ladrarías | you would bark |
| vos | ladrarías | you would bark |
| él/ella/Ud. | ladraría | he/she/it would bark |
| nosotros | ladraríamos | we would bark |
| vosotros | ladraríais | you (pl.) would bark |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | ladrarían | they would bark |
Future (Futuro) Regular
Expresses future actions, predictions, and probability about the present. Formed with the full infinitive as stem for most verbs. In spoken Spanish, ir a + infinitive is often preferred for near future.
Ella hablará en conferencia mañana — She will speak at the conference tomorrow
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| yo | ladraré | I will bark |
| tú | ladrarás | you will bark |
| vos | ladrarás | you will bark |
| él/ella/Ud. | ladrará | he/she/it will bark |
| nosotros | ladraremos | we will bark |
| vosotros | ladraréis | you (pl.) will bark |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | ladrarán | they will bark |
Present perfect (Pretérito perfecto) Regular
A compound past tense linking a past action to the present moment — something that has happened and still feels recent or relevant. More common in Spain than Latin America where preterite is preferred.
Hoy he hablado con el jefe — Today I have spoken with the boss
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| yo | he ladrado | I have barked |
| tú | has ladrado | you have barked |
| vos | has ladrado | you have barked |
| él/ella/Ud. | ha ladrado | he/she/it has barked |
| nosotros | hemos ladrado | we have barked |
| vosotros | habéis ladrado | you (pl.) have barked |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | han ladrado | they have barked |
Pluperfect (Pretérito pluscuamperfecto) Regular
The past of the past — describes an action that was already completed before another past event happened. Always implies a reference point in the past.
Ya había hablado cuando llegaste — She had already spoken when you arrived
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| yo | había ladrado | I had barked |
| tú | habías ladrado | you had barked |
| vos | habías ladrado | you had barked |
| él/ella/Ud. | había ladrado | he/she/it had barked |
| nosotros | habíamos ladrado | we had barked |
| vosotros | habíais ladrado | you (pl.) had barked |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | habían ladrado | they had barked |
Conditional perfect (Condicional perfecto) Regular
Expresses what would have happened — actions that were possible but did not occur, or regrets about the past. Formed with conditional of haber + past participle.
Habría hablado, pero no me dejaron — I would have spoken, but they did not let me
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| yo | habría ladrado |
| tú | habrías ladrado |
| vos | habrías ladrado |
| él/ella/Ud. | habría ladrado |
| nosotros | habríamos ladrado |
| vosotros | habríais ladrado |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | habrían ladrado |
Future perfect (Futuro perfecto) Regular
Describes an action that will have been completed by a certain point in the future, or expresses probability about a recent past action.
Para el lunes habré terminado — By Monday I will have finished
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| yo | habré ladrado | I will have barked |
| tú | habrás ladrado | you will have barked |
| vos | habrás ladrado | you will have barked |
| él/ella/Ud. | habrá ladrado | he/she/it will have barked |
| nosotros | habremos ladrado | we will have barked |
| vosotros | habréis ladrado | you (pl.) will have barked |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | habrán ladrado | they will have barked |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Subjuntivo presente) Regular
Used in subordinate clauses after expressions of desire, doubt, emotion, necessity, or impersonal statements. Triggered by a change of subject between the main and subordinate clause.
Espero que hable — I hope she speaks
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| yo | ladre |
| tú | ladres |
| vos | ladres |
| él/ella/Ud. | ladre |
| nosotros | ladremos |
| vosotros | ladréis |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | ladren |
Imperfect subjunctive (-ra) (Subjuntivo imperfecto (-ra)) Regular
The past subjunctive used after past main verbs, in if-clauses with conditional, and for polite softening. The -ra form is more common in everyday speech than the -se form.
Si pudiera, lo haría — If I could, I would do it
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| yo | ladrara |
| tú | ladraras |
| vos | ladraras |
| él/ella/Ud. | ladrara |
| nosotros | ladráramos |
| vosotros | ladrarais |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | ladraran |
Imperfect subjunctive (-se) (Subjuntivo imperfecto (-se)) Regular
The alternative past subjunctive form. Interchangeable with -ra in most contexts but slightly more literary or formal. Both forms are grammatically correct in all regions.
Si pudiese, lo haría — If I could, I would do it
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| yo | ladrase |
| tú | ladrases |
| vos | ladrases |
| él/ella/Ud. | ladrase |
| nosotros | ladrásemos |
| vosotros | ladraseis |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | ladrasen |
Perfect subjunctive (Pretérito perfecto de subjuntivo) Regular
A compound subjunctive that expresses completed actions in a subjunctive context — used after present or future main verbs expressing doubt, emotion or desire.
Dudo que ya haya llegado — I doubt she has already arrived
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| yo | haya ladrado |
| tú | hayas ladrado |
| vos | hayas ladrado |
| él/ella/Ud. | haya ladrado |
| nosotros | hayamos ladrado |
| vosotros | hayáis ladrado |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | hayan ladrado |
Pluperfect subjunctive (Pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo) Regular
Expresses what had happened in hypothetical or unreal past contexts — the subjunctive equivalent of the pluperfect. Common in contrary-to-fact past conditions.
Si hubiera hablado, lo habrían creído — If she had spoken, they would have believed her
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| yo | hubiera ladrado |
| tú | hubieras ladrado |
| vos | hubieras ladrado |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubiera ladrado |
| nosotros | hubiéramos ladrado |
| vosotros | hubierais ladrado |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | hubieran ladrado |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo afirmativo) Regular
Direct commands and instructions. The imperative only exists for tú, usted, nosotros, vosotros and ustedes — yo has no command form. Affirmative and negative forms use different conjugations.
Habla más despacio — Speak more slowly
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| tú | ladra |
| vos | ladrá |
| él/ella/Ud. | ladre |
| nosotros | ladremos |
| vosotros | ladrad |
| ustedes | ladren |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use the subjunctive forms for all persons. Formed with no + present subjunctive. This applies to all persons including tú where the affirmative uses a different form.
No hables tan rápido — Do not speak so fast
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| tú | no ladres |
| vos | no ladres |
| él/ella/Ud. | no ladre |
| nosotros | no ladremos |
| vosotros | no ladréis |
| ustedes | no ladren |
Present progressive (Presente progresivo) Regular
Emphasises that an action is happening right now at this very moment. Less common than in English since the present tense already covers ongoing actions in Spanish.
Estoy hablando contigo — I am speaking with you
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| yo | estoy ladrando |
| tú | estás ladrando |
| vos | estás ladrando |
| él/ella/Ud. | está ladrando |
| nosotros | estamos ladrando |
| vosotros | estáis ladrando |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | están ladrando |
Preterite progressive (Pretérito indefinido progresivo) Regular
Describes an action that was in progress throughout a completed past period. Uses the preterite of estar + gerund to emphasise the ongoing nature within a defined timeframe.
Estuvo hablando toda la tarde — He was talking all afternoon
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| yo | estuve ladrando |
| tú | estuviste ladrando |
| vos | estuviste ladrando |
| él/ella/Ud. | estuvo ladrando |
| nosotros | estuvimos ladrando |
| vosotros | estuvisteis ladrando |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | estuvieron ladrando |
Imperfect progressive (Pretérito imperfecto progresivo) Regular
Emphasises an ongoing background action using the imperfect of estar + gerund. Layered on top of the imperfect which already conveys continuity — used for extra emphasis on the progressive nature.
Estaba hablando cuando entró — I was speaking when he came in
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| yo | estaba ladrando |
| tú | estabas ladrando |
| vos | estabas ladrando |
| él/ella/Ud. | estaba ladrando |
| nosotros | estábamos ladrando |
| vosotros | estabais ladrando |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | estaban ladrando |
Conditional progressive (Condicional progresivo) Regular
Expresses what would be in progress under hypothetical conditions. Uses the conditional of estar + gerund. Less common but used for emphasis on the ongoing nature of a hypothetical action.
Estaría hablando ahora si pudiera — I would be speaking now if I could
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| yo | estaría ladrando |
| tú | estarías ladrando |
| vos | estarías ladrando |
| él/ella/Ud. | estaría ladrando |
| nosotros | estaríamos ladrando |
| vosotros | estaríais ladrando |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | estarían ladrando |
Future progressive (Futuro progresivo) Regular
Describes an action that will be in progress at a future point, or expresses probability about an ongoing present action. Uses the future of estar + gerund.
Mañana a esta hora estaré viajando — At this time tomorrow I will be travelling
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| yo | estaré ladrando |
| tú | estarás ladrando |
| vos | estarás ladrando |
| él/ella/Ud. | estará ladrando |
| nosotros | estaremos ladrando |
| vosotros | estaréis ladrando |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | estarán ladrando |