trocar — Spanish conjugation
to exchange
Indicative
Present (Presente) Irregular
The present tense is the most versatile tense in Spanish. It covers actions happening right now, habitual actions, and even near-future plans. One form does the work of three English constructions.
Ella habla inglés — She speaks / is speaking English
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| yo | trueco | I exchange |
| tú | truecas | you exchange |
| vos | trocás | you exchange |
| él/ella/Ud. | trueca | he/she/it exchanges |
| nosotros | trocamos | we exchange |
| vosotros | trocáis | you (pl.) exchange |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | truecan | they exchange |
Preterite (Pretérito indefinido) Irregular
Used for completed past actions with a defined endpoint — a single event, a series of events, or an action that interrupted another. Common with time expressions like ayer, el lunes, una vez.
Ella habló de ti ayer — She spoke about you yesterday
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| yo | troqué | I exchanged |
| tú | trocaste | you exchanged |
| vos | trocaste | you exchanged |
| él/ella/Ud. | trocó | he/she/it exchanged |
| nosotros | trocamos | we exchanged |
| vosotros | trocasteis | you (pl.) exchanged |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | trocaron | they exchanged |
Imperfect (Pretérito imperfecto) Regular
Describes ongoing or habitual past states — what things were like, background context, what used to happen. Contrasts with the preterite which marks completed events.
Cuando era niño vivía en Valencia — When I was a child I lived in Valencia
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| yo | trocaba |
| tú | trocabas |
| vos | trocabas |
| él/ella/Ud. | trocaba |
| nosotros | trocábamos |
| vosotros | trocabais |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | trocaban |
Conditional (Condicional) Regular
Expresses hypothetical actions, polite requests, and what would happen under certain conditions. Also used for reported speech about the future from a past perspective.
¿Podrías ayudarme? — Could you help me?
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| yo | trocaría | I would exchange |
| tú | trocarías | you would exchange |
| vos | trocarías | you would exchange |
| él/ella/Ud. | trocaría | he/she/it would exchange |
| nosotros | trocaríamos | we would exchange |
| vosotros | trocaríais | you (pl.) would exchange |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | trocarían | they would exchange |
Future (Futuro) Regular
Expresses future actions, predictions, and probability about the present. Formed with the full infinitive as stem for most verbs. In spoken Spanish, ir a + infinitive is often preferred for near future.
Ella hablará en conferencia mañana — She will speak at the conference tomorrow
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| yo | trocaré | I will exchange |
| tú | trocarás | you will exchange |
| vos | trocarás | you will exchange |
| él/ella/Ud. | trocará | he/she/it will exchange |
| nosotros | trocaremos | we will exchange |
| vosotros | trocaréis | you (pl.) will exchange |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | trocarán | they will exchange |
Present perfect (Pretérito perfecto) Regular
A compound past tense linking a past action to the present moment — something that has happened and still feels recent or relevant. More common in Spain than Latin America where preterite is preferred.
Hoy he hablado con el jefe — Today I have spoken with the boss
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| yo | he trocado | I have exchanged |
| tú | has trocado | you have exchanged |
| vos | has trocado | you have exchanged |
| él/ella/Ud. | ha trocado | he/she/it has exchanged |
| nosotros | hemos trocado | we have exchanged |
| vosotros | habéis trocado | you (pl.) have exchanged |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | han trocado | they have exchanged |
Pluperfect (Pretérito pluscuamperfecto) Regular
The past of the past — describes an action that was already completed before another past event happened. Always implies a reference point in the past.
Ya había hablado cuando llegaste — She had already spoken when you arrived
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| yo | había trocado | I had exchanged |
| tú | habías trocado | you had exchanged |
| vos | habías trocado | you had exchanged |
| él/ella/Ud. | había trocado | he/she/it had exchanged |
| nosotros | habíamos trocado | we had exchanged |
| vosotros | habíais trocado | you (pl.) had exchanged |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | habían trocado | they had exchanged |
Conditional perfect (Condicional perfecto) Regular
Expresses what would have happened — actions that were possible but did not occur, or regrets about the past. Formed with conditional of haber + past participle.
Habría hablado, pero no me dejaron — I would have spoken, but they did not let me
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| yo | habría trocado |
| tú | habrías trocado |
| vos | habrías trocado |
| él/ella/Ud. | habría trocado |
| nosotros | habríamos trocado |
| vosotros | habríais trocado |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | habrían trocado |
Future perfect (Futuro perfecto) Regular
Describes an action that will have been completed by a certain point in the future, or expresses probability about a recent past action.
Para el lunes habré terminado — By Monday I will have finished
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| yo | habré trocado | I will have exchanged |
| tú | habrás trocado | you will have exchanged |
| vos | habrás trocado | you will have exchanged |
| él/ella/Ud. | habrá trocado | he/she/it will have exchanged |
| nosotros | habremos trocado | we will have exchanged |
| vosotros | habréis trocado | you (pl.) will have exchanged |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | habrán trocado | they will have exchanged |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Subjuntivo presente) Irregular
Used in subordinate clauses after expressions of desire, doubt, emotion, necessity, or impersonal statements. Triggered by a change of subject between the main and subordinate clause.
Espero que hable — I hope she speaks
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| yo | trueque |
| tú | trueques |
| vos | trueques |
| él/ella/Ud. | trueque |
| nosotros | troquemos |
| vosotros | troquéis |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | truequen |
Imperfect subjunctive (-ra) (Subjuntivo imperfecto (-ra)) Regular
The past subjunctive used after past main verbs, in if-clauses with conditional, and for polite softening. The -ra form is more common in everyday speech than the -se form.
Si pudiera, lo haría — If I could, I would do it
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| yo | trocara |
| tú | trocaras |
| vos | trocaras |
| él/ella/Ud. | trocara |
| nosotros | trocáramos |
| vosotros | trocarais |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | trocaran |
Imperfect subjunctive (-se) (Subjuntivo imperfecto (-se)) Regular
The alternative past subjunctive form. Interchangeable with -ra in most contexts but slightly more literary or formal. Both forms are grammatically correct in all regions.
Si pudiese, lo haría — If I could, I would do it
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| yo | trocase |
| tú | trocases |
| vos | trocases |
| él/ella/Ud. | trocase |
| nosotros | trocásemos |
| vosotros | trocaseis |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | trocasen |
Perfect subjunctive (Pretérito perfecto de subjuntivo) Regular
A compound subjunctive that expresses completed actions in a subjunctive context — used after present or future main verbs expressing doubt, emotion or desire.
Dudo que ya haya llegado — I doubt she has already arrived
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| yo | haya trocado |
| tú | hayas trocado |
| vos | hayas trocado |
| él/ella/Ud. | haya trocado |
| nosotros | hayamos trocado |
| vosotros | hayáis trocado |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | hayan trocado |
Pluperfect subjunctive (Pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo) Regular
Expresses what had happened in hypothetical or unreal past contexts — the subjunctive equivalent of the pluperfect. Common in contrary-to-fact past conditions.
Si hubiera hablado, lo habrían creído — If she had spoken, they would have believed her
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| yo | hubiera trocado |
| tú | hubieras trocado |
| vos | hubieras trocado |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubiera trocado |
| nosotros | hubiéramos trocado |
| vosotros | hubierais trocado |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | hubieran trocado |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo afirmativo) Irregular
Direct commands and instructions. The imperative only exists for tú, usted, nosotros, vosotros and ustedes — yo has no command form. Affirmative and negative forms use different conjugations.
Habla más despacio — Speak more slowly
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| tú | trueca |
| vos | trocá |
| él/ella/Ud. | trueque |
| nosotros | troquemos |
| vosotros | trocad |
| ustedes | truequen |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use the subjunctive forms for all persons. Formed with no + present subjunctive. This applies to all persons including tú where the affirmative uses a different form.
No hables tan rápido — Do not speak so fast
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| tú | no trueques |
| vos | no trueques |
| él/ella/Ud. | no trueque |
| nosotros | no troquemos |
| vosotros | no troquéis |
| ustedes | no truequen |
Present progressive (Presente progresivo) Regular
Emphasises that an action is happening right now at this very moment. Less common than in English since the present tense already covers ongoing actions in Spanish.
Estoy hablando contigo — I am speaking with you
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| yo | estoy trocando |
| tú | estás trocando |
| vos | estás trocando |
| él/ella/Ud. | está trocando |
| nosotros | estamos trocando |
| vosotros | estáis trocando |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | están trocando |
Preterite progressive (Pretérito indefinido progresivo) Regular
Describes an action that was in progress throughout a completed past period. Uses the preterite of estar + gerund to emphasise the ongoing nature within a defined timeframe.
Estuvo hablando toda la tarde — He was talking all afternoon
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| yo | estuve trocando |
| tú | estuviste trocando |
| vos | estuviste trocando |
| él/ella/Ud. | estuvo trocando |
| nosotros | estuvimos trocando |
| vosotros | estuvisteis trocando |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | estuvieron trocando |
Imperfect progressive (Pretérito imperfecto progresivo) Regular
Emphasises an ongoing background action using the imperfect of estar + gerund. Layered on top of the imperfect which already conveys continuity — used for extra emphasis on the progressive nature.
Estaba hablando cuando entró — I was speaking when he came in
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| yo | estaba trocando |
| tú | estabas trocando |
| vos | estabas trocando |
| él/ella/Ud. | estaba trocando |
| nosotros | estábamos trocando |
| vosotros | estabais trocando |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | estaban trocando |
Conditional progressive (Condicional progresivo) Regular
Expresses what would be in progress under hypothetical conditions. Uses the conditional of estar + gerund. Less common but used for emphasis on the ongoing nature of a hypothetical action.
Estaría hablando ahora si pudiera — I would be speaking now if I could
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| yo | estaría trocando |
| tú | estarías trocando |
| vos | estarías trocando |
| él/ella/Ud. | estaría trocando |
| nosotros | estaríamos trocando |
| vosotros | estaríais trocando |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | estarían trocando |
Future progressive (Futuro progresivo) Regular
Describes an action that will be in progress at a future point, or expresses probability about an ongoing present action. Uses the future of estar + gerund.
Mañana a esta hora estaré viajando — At this time tomorrow I will be travelling
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| yo | estaré trocando |
| tú | estarás trocando |
| vos | estarás trocando |
| él/ella/Ud. | estará trocando |
| nosotros | estaremos trocando |
| vosotros | estaréis trocando |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | estarán trocando |