kooptieren — German conjugation
to co-opt (to elect as a fellow member of a group)
Indicative
Present (Präsens) Regular
Präsens is the default present for facts, habits, and near-future plans. German has no continuous aspect in the same way as English, so a single form often covers both “I work” and “I am working” when you add a time adverb or context.
Ich arbeite heute im Homeoffice.
| Pronoun | German | English |
|---|---|---|
| ich | kooptiere | I co-opt |
| du | kooptierst | you co-opt |
| er/sie/es | kooptiert | he/she/it co-opts |
| wir | kooptieren | we co-opt |
| ihr | kooptiert | you (pl.) co-opt |
| sie/Sie | kooptieren | they co-opt |
Simple past (Präteritum) Regular
Präteritum is a narrative past, common in print and in northern speech, while southern speakers lean on the perfect in conversation. sein and haben keep their Präteritum even when you otherwise avoid the preterite.
Er war müde, aber er hatte keinen Kaffee mehr.
| Pronoun | German | English |
|---|---|---|
| ich | kooptierte | I co-opted |
| du | kooptiertest | you co-opted |
| er/sie/es | kooptierte | he/she/it co-opted |
| wir | kooptierten | we co-opted |
| ihr | kooptiertet | you (pl.) co-opted |
| sie/Sie | kooptierten | they co-opted |
Present perfect (Perfekt) Regular
The Perfekt is the everyday past for finished events: auxiliary haben or sein plus participle, with sein for most motion, coming/going, and some change-of-state verbs.
Wir sind rechtzeitig angekommen und haben gefeiert.
| Pronoun | German | English |
|---|---|---|
| ich | habe kooptiert | I have co-opted |
| du | hast kooptiert | you have co-opted |
| er/sie/es | hat kooptiert | he/she/it has co-opted |
| wir | haben kooptiert | we have co-opted |
| ihr | habt kooptiert | you (pl.) have co-opted |
| sie/Sie | haben kooptiert | they have co-opted |
Pluperfect (Plusquamperfekt) Regular
The Plusquamperfekt is the pluperfect: it marks what had already completed before a later past episode in the same narrative.
Sie war schon gegangen, bevor er ankam.
| Pronoun | German | English |
|---|---|---|
| ich | hatte kooptiert | I had co-opted |
| du | hattest kooptiert | you had co-opted |
| er/sie/es | hatte kooptiert | he/she/it had co-opted |
| wir | hatten kooptiert | we had co-opted |
| ihr | hattet kooptiert | you (pl.) had co-opted |
| sie/Sie | hatten kooptiert | they had co-opted |
Future I (Futur I) Regular
Futur I is for predictions, firm promises, and also probability about the present in colloquial German. Everyday speech very often uses Präsens plus a time expression instead.
Morgen schneit es, sagt der Wetterbericht.
| Pronoun | German | English |
|---|---|---|
| ich | werde kooptieren | I will co-opt |
| du | wirst kooptieren | you will co-opt |
| er/sie/es | wird kooptieren | he/she/it will co-opt |
| wir | werden kooptieren | we will co-opt |
| ihr | werdet kooptieren | you (pl.) will co-opt |
| sie/Sie | werden kooptieren | they will co-opt |
Future II (Futur II) Regular
Futur II (werden + participle + haben/sein) names an action that will be completed before a later time, and can also express a guess that something must already have happened.
Bis Freitag werde ich alles gepackt haben.
| Pronoun | German | English |
|---|---|---|
| ich | werde kooptiert haben | I will have co-opted |
| du | wirst kooptiert haben | you will have co-opted |
| er/sie/es | wird kooptiert haben | he/she/it will have co-opted |
| wir | werden kooptiert haben | we will have co-opted |
| ihr | werdet kooptiert haben | you (pl.) will have co-opted |
| sie/Sie | werden kooptiert haben | they will have co-opted |
Subjunctive
Subjunctive II (Konjunktiv II) Regular
Konjunktiv II is the mood for politeness, contrary-to-fact if-clauses, and reported views. In speech, würde + infinitive often stands in for rarer preterit-based forms.
Könnten Sie mir bitte helfen?
| Pronoun | German |
|---|---|
| ich | kooptierte |
| du | kooptiertest |
| er/sie/es | kooptierte |
| wir | kooptierten |
| ihr | kooptiertet |
| sie/Sie | kooptierten |
Other forms
Imperative (Imperativ) Regular
The imperative uses the du, ihr, and Sie forms of command; the informal du form drops the -st of the present for many strong verbs, and separable-prefix verbs place the prefix at the end.
Mach bitte schnell, der Zug fährt gleich ab.
| Pronoun | German |
|---|---|
| du | kooptiere |
| ihr | kooptiert |