kränken — German conjugation
to offend
Indicative
Present (Präsens) Regular
Präsens is the default present for facts, habits, and near-future plans. German has no continuous aspect in the same way as English, so a single form often covers both “I work” and “I am working” when you add a time adverb or context.
Ich arbeite heute im Homeoffice.
| Pronoun | German | English |
|---|---|---|
| ich | kränke | I offend |
| du | kränkst | you offend |
| er/sie/es | kränkt | he/she/it offends |
| wir | kränken | we offend |
| ihr | kränkt | you (pl.) offend |
| sie/Sie | kränken | they offend |
Simple past (Präteritum) Regular
Präteritum is a narrative past, common in print and in northern speech, while southern speakers lean on the perfect in conversation. sein and haben keep their Präteritum even when you otherwise avoid the preterite.
Er war müde, aber er hatte keinen Kaffee mehr.
| Pronoun | German | English |
|---|---|---|
| ich | kränkte | I offended |
| du | kränktest | you offended |
| er/sie/es | kränkte | he/she/it offended |
| wir | kränkten | we offended |
| ihr | kränktet | you (pl.) offended |
| sie/Sie | kränkten | they offended |
Present perfect (Perfekt) Regular
The Perfekt is the everyday past for finished events: auxiliary haben or sein plus participle, with sein for most motion, coming/going, and some change-of-state verbs.
Wir sind rechtzeitig angekommen und haben gefeiert.
| Pronoun | German | English |
|---|---|---|
| ich | habe gekränkt | I have offended |
| du | hast gekränkt | you have offended |
| er/sie/es | hat gekränkt | he/she/it has offended |
| wir | haben gekränkt | we have offended |
| ihr | habt gekränkt | you (pl.) have offended |
| sie/Sie | haben gekränkt | they have offended |
Pluperfect (Plusquamperfekt) Regular
The Plusquamperfekt is the pluperfect: it marks what had already completed before a later past episode in the same narrative.
Sie war schon gegangen, bevor er ankam.
| Pronoun | German | English |
|---|---|---|
| ich | hatte gekränkt | I had offended |
| du | hattest gekränkt | you had offended |
| er/sie/es | hatte gekränkt | he/she/it had offended |
| wir | hatten gekränkt | we had offended |
| ihr | hattet gekränkt | you (pl.) had offended |
| sie/Sie | hatten gekränkt | they had offended |
Future I (Futur I) Regular
Futur I is for predictions, firm promises, and also probability about the present in colloquial German. Everyday speech very often uses Präsens plus a time expression instead.
Morgen schneit es, sagt der Wetterbericht.
| Pronoun | German | English |
|---|---|---|
| ich | werde kränken | I will offend |
| du | wirst kränken | you will offend |
| er/sie/es | wird kränken | he/she/it will offend |
| wir | werden kränken | we will offend |
| ihr | werdet kränken | you (pl.) will offend |
| sie/Sie | werden kränken | they will offend |
Future II (Futur II) Regular
Futur II (werden + participle + haben/sein) names an action that will be completed before a later time, and can also express a guess that something must already have happened.
Bis Freitag werde ich alles gepackt haben.
| Pronoun | German | English |
|---|---|---|
| ich | werde gekränkt haben | I will have offended |
| du | wirst gekränkt haben | you will have offended |
| er/sie/es | wird gekränkt haben | he/she/it will have offended |
| wir | werden gekränkt haben | we will have offended |
| ihr | werdet gekränkt haben | you (pl.) will have offended |
| sie/Sie | werden gekränkt haben | they will have offended |
Subjunctive
Subjunctive II (Konjunktiv II) Regular
Konjunktiv II is the mood for politeness, contrary-to-fact if-clauses, and reported views. In speech, würde + infinitive often stands in for rarer preterit-based forms.
Könnten Sie mir bitte helfen?
| Pronoun | German |
|---|---|
| ich | kränkte |
| du | kränktest |
| er/sie/es | kränkte |
| wir | kränkten |
| ihr | kränktet |
| sie/Sie | kränkten |
Other forms
Imperative (Imperativ) Regular
The imperative uses the du, ihr, and Sie forms of command; the informal du form drops the -st of the present for many strong verbs, and separable-prefix verbs place the prefix at the end.
Mach bitte schnell, der Zug fährt gleich ab.
| Pronoun | German |
|---|---|
| du | kränke |
| ihr | kränkt |