kotieren — German conjugation
to quote
Indicative
Present (Präsens) Regular
Präsens is the default present for facts, habits, and near-future plans. German has no continuous aspect in the same way as English, so a single form often covers both “I work” and “I am working” when you add a time adverb or context.
Ich arbeite heute im Homeoffice.
| Pronoun | German | English |
|---|---|---|
| ich | kotiere | I quote |
| du | kotierst | you quote |
| er/sie/es | kotiert | he/she/it quotes |
| wir | kotieren | we quote |
| ihr | kotiert | you (pl.) quote |
| sie/Sie | kotieren | they quote |
Simple past (Präteritum) Regular
Präteritum is a narrative past, common in print and in northern speech, while southern speakers lean on the perfect in conversation. sein and haben keep their Präteritum even when you otherwise avoid the preterite.
Er war müde, aber er hatte keinen Kaffee mehr.
| Pronoun | German | English |
|---|---|---|
| ich | kotierte | I quoted |
| du | kotiertest | you quoted |
| er/sie/es | kotierte | he/she/it quoted |
| wir | kotierten | we quoted |
| ihr | kotiertet | you (pl.) quoted |
| sie/Sie | kotierten | they quoted |
Present perfect (Perfekt) Regular
The Perfekt is the everyday past for finished events: auxiliary haben or sein plus participle, with sein for most motion, coming/going, and some change-of-state verbs.
Wir sind rechtzeitig angekommen und haben gefeiert.
| Pronoun | German | English |
|---|---|---|
| ich | habe kotiert | I have quoted |
| du | hast kotiert | you have quoted |
| er/sie/es | hat kotiert | he/she/it has quoted |
| wir | haben kotiert | we have quoted |
| ihr | habt kotiert | you (pl.) have quoted |
| sie/Sie | haben kotiert | they have quoted |
Pluperfect (Plusquamperfekt) Regular
The Plusquamperfekt is the pluperfect: it marks what had already completed before a later past episode in the same narrative.
Sie war schon gegangen, bevor er ankam.
| Pronoun | German | English |
|---|---|---|
| ich | hatte kotiert | I had quoted |
| du | hattest kotiert | you had quoted |
| er/sie/es | hatte kotiert | he/she/it had quoted |
| wir | hatten kotiert | we had quoted |
| ihr | hattet kotiert | you (pl.) had quoted |
| sie/Sie | hatten kotiert | they had quoted |
Future I (Futur I) Regular
Futur I is for predictions, firm promises, and also probability about the present in colloquial German. Everyday speech very often uses Präsens plus a time expression instead.
Morgen schneit es, sagt der Wetterbericht.
| Pronoun | German | English |
|---|---|---|
| ich | werde kotieren | I will quote |
| du | wirst kotieren | you will quote |
| er/sie/es | wird kotieren | he/she/it will quote |
| wir | werden kotieren | we will quote |
| ihr | werdet kotieren | you (pl.) will quote |
| sie/Sie | werden kotieren | they will quote |
Future II (Futur II) Regular
Futur II (werden + participle + haben/sein) names an action that will be completed before a later time, and can also express a guess that something must already have happened.
Bis Freitag werde ich alles gepackt haben.
| Pronoun | German | English |
|---|---|---|
| ich | werde kotiert haben | I will have quoted |
| du | wirst kotiert haben | you will have quoted |
| er/sie/es | wird kotiert haben | he/she/it will have quoted |
| wir | werden kotiert haben | we will have quoted |
| ihr | werdet kotiert haben | you (pl.) will have quoted |
| sie/Sie | werden kotiert haben | they will have quoted |
Subjunctive
Subjunctive II (Konjunktiv II) Regular
Konjunktiv II is the mood for politeness, contrary-to-fact if-clauses, and reported views. In speech, würde + infinitive often stands in for rarer preterit-based forms.
Könnten Sie mir bitte helfen?
| Pronoun | German |
|---|---|
| ich | kotierte |
| du | kotiertest |
| er/sie/es | kotierte |
| wir | kotierten |
| ihr | kotiertet |
| sie/Sie | kotierten |
Other forms
Imperative (Imperativ) Regular
The imperative uses the du, ihr, and Sie forms of command; the informal du form drops the -st of the present for many strong verbs, and separable-prefix verbs place the prefix at the end.
Mach bitte schnell, der Zug fährt gleich ab.
| Pronoun | German |
|---|---|
| du | kotiere |
| ihr | kotiert |