acidulare — Italian conjugation
to acidify
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | acidulo | I acidify |
| tu | aciduli | you acidify |
| lui/lei | acidula | he/she/it acidifies |
| noi | aciduliamo | we acidify |
| voi | acidulate | you (pl.) acidify |
| loro | acidulano | they acidify |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | acidulai | I acidified |
| tu | acidulasti | you acidified |
| lui/lei | acidulò | he/she/it acidified |
| noi | acidulammo | we acidified |
| voi | acidulaste | you (pl.) acidified |
| loro | acidularono | they acidified |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | acidulavo |
| tu | acidulavi |
| lui/lei | acidulava |
| noi | acidulavamo |
| voi | acidulavate |
| loro | acidulavano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | acidulerei | I would acidify |
| tu | aciduleresti | you would acidify |
| lui/lei | acidulerebbe | he/she/it would acidify |
| noi | aciduleremmo | we would acidify |
| voi | acidulereste | you (pl.) would acidify |
| loro | acidulerebbero | they would acidify |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | acidulerò | I will acidify |
| tu | acidulerai | you will acidify |
| lui/lei | acidulerà | he/she/it will acidify |
| noi | aciduleremo | we will acidify |
| voi | acidulerete | you (pl.) will acidify |
| loro | aciduleranno | they will acidify |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho acidulato | I have acidified |
| tu | hai acidulato | you have acidified |
| lui/lei | ha acidulato | he/she/it has acidified |
| noi | abbiamo acidulato | we have acidified |
| voi | avete acidulato | you (pl.) have acidified |
| loro | hanno acidulato | they have acidified |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo acidulato | I had acidified |
| tu | avevi acidulato | you had acidified |
| lui/lei | aveva acidulato | he/she/it had acidified |
| noi | avevamo acidulato | we had acidified |
| voi | avevate acidulato | you (pl.) had acidified |
| loro | avevano acidulato | they had acidified |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei acidulato |
| tu | avresti acidulato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe acidulato |
| noi | avremmo acidulato |
| voi | avreste acidulato |
| loro | avrebbero acidulato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò acidulato | I will have acidified |
| tu | avrai acidulato | you will have acidified |
| lui/lei | avrà acidulato | he/she/it will have acidified |
| noi | avremo acidulato | we will have acidified |
| voi | avrete acidulato | you (pl.) will have acidified |
| loro | avranno acidulato | they will have acidified |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | aciduli |
| tu | aciduli |
| lui/lei | aciduli |
| noi | aciduliamo |
| voi | aciduliate |
| loro | acidulino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | acidulassi |
| tu | acidulassi |
| lui/lei | acidulasse |
| noi | acidulassimo |
| voi | acidulaste |
| loro | acidulassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | acidula |
| lui/lei | aciduli |
| noi | aciduliamo |
| voi | acidulate |
| loro | acidulino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non acidulare |
| lui/lei | non aciduli |
| noi | non aciduliamo |
| voi | non acidulate |
| loro | non acidulino |